Presentation California personality inventory

1. California Personality Inventory By Heenach

2. California Psychological Inventory by HarrisonGough(1957/1987) Includes: *Introduction *Development *Design* Scoring*Interpretation*Evaluation*Scales *Uses/Purpose *Administration *Weaknesses *Strengths *Summary

3. Introduction • Name of Test: California Psychological Inventory • Author: Harrison Gough • Date Published: 1957 • Edition/Revision: 1987

4. Type of test: Individual/Group • What it measure: Personality ( it is a self reporting inventory test for every day population.) • Number of items: 462 • Type of items: True-false questions pertaining to test takers past and present life. • Norm: Intended for both adolescents and adults

5. DEVELOPMENT • External criterion strategy • Internal consistency analysis • Mixture of both

6. Design • The CPI is made up of 434 true-false questions, of which 171 were taken from the original version of the MMPI. • The test is scored on 18 scales, three of which are validity scales. Eleven of the non-validity scales were selected by comparing responses from various groups of people. The other four were content validated. • However, factor analysis was not used in the development of the test, and many of the scales are highly inter-correlated and conceptually similar.

7. cont….. • The revised third edition of the CPI contains 434 items. This latest version requires that the patient's false and true answers be transformed at an additional cost into raw scale and Standard scores by the publisher, who will also provide interpretative report writing. • The older CPI with the 462 items is still available for sale by the publisher, Consulting Psychologists Press, and comes with plastic scoring keys and profile sheets, thus allowing each research or clinical psychologist to score the test by hand, a less expensive alternative, perhaps for use in training psychology students.

8. SCORING • Counting number of items endorsed on each scale and plotting the raw scores on a profile. • From twenty Folk concept scales we get the four personality types • Alphawhich is enterprising dependable and outgoing • Betawhich is reserved responsible and moderate • Gammawhich is adventurous restless and pleasure seeking • And finally Deltawhich is withdrawn private and to some extent disaffected

9. INTERPRETATION • on three validity scales • Scoring above average = more behavior consistency in dominant/high scores • Scoring below average = more behavior consistency in low scores • Overlap leads to clustering

10. EVALUATION • Reliability • test-retest approach • .90

11. SCALES • Do (dominance) • Cs (Capacity for status) • Sy (Sociability) • Sp (Social persistence) • Sa (Self-acceptance) • Wb (Sense of well-being) • Re (Responsibility) • So (socialization • Sc (Self-control) • To (Tolerance) • Gi (Good impression) • Cm (Communality) • Ac(Achievement-conformance) • Ai(Achievement-independence) • Ie (Intell. Efficiency) • Py (Psychlgc’l-mindedness) • Fx (Flexibility) • Fe (Femininity)

12. Dominance (Do)Factors of leadership ability, dominance, persistence, and social initiative. • Capacity for Status (Cs)Personal qualities and attributes that underlie and lead to the attainment of status and symbols o success. • Sociability (Sy)Characteristics relating to gregariousness, outgoing, sociable, participative temperament. • Social Presence (Sp)Factors relating to  poise, spontaneity, and self-confidence in personal and social interaction. • Self-Acceptance (Sa)factors such as sense of personal worth, self-acceptance, and capacity for independent thinking and action.

13. Independence (In)To identify individuals who are independent, confident, and resourceful, but not necessarily affiliative. • Empathy (Em)One's capacity to think intuitively about people and to understand their feelings and attitudes. • Responsibility (Re)To identify one's level l of  conscientiousness,  responsibity, and dependability. • Socialization (So)The degree of social maturity, integrity, and rectitude that the individual has attained. • Self-Control (Sc) This scale was developed to assess the degree and adequacy of self-regulation, self-control, and freedom from impulsivity and self-centeredness

14. Good Impression (Gi)Assesses one's ability to create a favorable impression and level of  concerned about how others react to them.It is also used as a validity indicator. • Communality (Cm)The degree to which an individual's reactions and responses correspond to the modal or common pattern established for the inventory.It is also used as a validity indicator. • Sense of Well Being (Wb)Identifies persons who minimize their worries and complaints and who are relatively free from self-doubt and disillusionment.It is also used as a validity indicator. • Tolerance (To)To identify persons with permissive, accepting, and nonjudgmental social beliefs and attitudes.

15. Achievement via Conformance (Ac)To identify those factors of interest and motivation that facilitate achievement in any setting where conformance is a positive behavior. • Achievement via Independence (Al)To identify those factors of interest and motivation that facilitate achievement in any setting where autonomy and independence are positive behaviors. • Intellectual Efficiency (le)To identify the degree of personal and intellectual efficiency that the individual has attained. • Psychological - Mindedness (Py)The degree to which the individual is interested in, and responsive to, the inner needs, motives, and experiences of others.

16. Flexibility (Fx)The degree of flexibility and adaptability of a person's thinking and social behavior. • Femininity/Masculinity (F/M)A person's interest in and capacity for patience and personal and interpersonal sensitivity

17. USES/PURPOSE • Predict delinquency, leadership, parole outcome, college attendance, performance and others. • Predicts job performance in a number of careers as well as performance in school. • Effectively used with problems of social behavior and delinquency. • Identify an individual who behaves in a certain way • Predict how an individual will behave and react in variety of interpersonal situations

18. Administration •  Administration of this test the original CPI has four hundred and thirty-four test items while the revised CPI has four hundred and sixty-two test items • Both tests should be administered and scored by a professional • these tests can take anywhere from 45 to 90 minutes • This test can also be administered on a computer in a clinic • The CPI can only be administered to one person at a time and not groups of people

19. weaknesses • It was not made to predict uni-dimensional traits instead the focus was on predicting interpersonal behaviors. • Some folk concept skills are substantially correlated with one another which may be associated with underlying traits • Lack of theoretical justification of the criteria used in developing the full concepts and special purpose scales • The CPI also fails to come up with a normal personality across the board

20. CONTINUED…. • With this test the design was to be an open system which means that a new scale can be added into the existing set if new behavior is to be predicted and these skills may be empirically redundant and lack clear psychological meaning

21. Strengths • This test focuses on measuring and understanding common interpersonal behaviors in the general population. • Extreme scoring can provide important information on specific Mal adjustments a person might be experiencing. • It adapts to various cultures because of its easily understood scales and attempts to capture personality themes that should be broadly cross-cultural it is also • Good for predicting long-term and short-term behaviors

22. Summary • In conclusion this test has been used for over 50 years successfully • and is an alternative to the MMPI although this personality test can be taken by anyone • this test can provide valuable information about a person's underlying interpersonal behaviors • key idea to develop the test was to measure : what are the underlying dimensions of personality natural tendencies , gifts and abilities