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Economies of the ME & NA

Economies of the ME & NA. Historical & Geographical Foundation. Historical Significance. Religious sites: Mecca & Medina Jerusalem Other holly cities in Iraq, Iran, and Israel . Historical Significance. Urbanization & Civilization: Farming and animal domestication

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Economies of the ME & NA

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  1. Economies of the ME & NA Historical & Geographical Foundation

  2. Historical Significance Religious sites: • Mecca & Medina • Jerusalem • Other holly cities in Iraq, Iran, and Israel

  3. Historical Significance Urbanization & Civilization: • Farming and animal domestication • Specialization of labor in industry • Inventions: wheel, plow, armaments • Development: writing, coinage, government

  4. Historical Significance Irrigation farming in • Tigris-Euphrates Valley • Nile Valley & Delta • Jordan Valley

  5. Historical Significance Culture & Arts • Architecture (towns & monuments) • Artifacts & inscriptions • Music & literature

  6. Historical Significance Natural resources: • Minerals; e.g., oil & natural gas • Metals: e.g., copper & phosphates

  7. Historical Significance Conflict • Ancient times: wars resulting in the rise & fall of many empires • Contemporary: Arab-Israeli dispute over land ownership, and inter-state wars (e.g., Iran, Iraq, Kuwait)

  8. Early States Mesopotamia: • Sumerians: 4,500-5,000 years ago • Akkadians ending Sumerian rule in 2335 BC • Babylonian emerging after 2000 BC • Neo-Babylonian: 604-562 BC • Assyrian: 300 years after 935 BC

  9. Early States Egypt and Canaan: • Egyptian: before 3000 BC • Israelite: about 1020 BC

  10. Early States Persia: • Achaemenid: from 530-323 BC • Parthian: after 330 BC • Sasanian: 226-632 AD

  11. Early States Greco-Roman: • Alexander • Seleucid & Ptolemic • Roman & Byzantine

  12. Early States Arab: • Early conquest: after Mohammad’s death in 632 AD • Umayyad: 661-750 AD • Abbasid: 750-1258

  13. Early States Tatars & Mongols: • Genghis Khan conquering Iran in early 1200s • Hulagu Khan sacking Baghdad in 1258 • Tamerlane taking Baghdad in 1393

  14. Early States Turks: • Seljuk entering Baghdad in 1055 AD • Safavid: from late 1500s for 200 years • Ottoman: 600 years from early 1600s until 1918

  15. Power Cores Major power centers • Egyptians in the Nile Valley • Persians in Iranian Plateau & Mesopotamia • Turks in Asia Minor • Arabs in Arabian Peninsula & Fertile Cresent

  16. Power Cores Remains of power cores: • Iran • Turkey • Saudi Arabia

  17. Power Cores • Arabian Peninsula remained Independent • Iranian Plateau was occupied by several powers, but never colonized

  18. Power Cores • No one power has ever succeeded in conquering and occupying the entire ME. • Power cores rotated between Iranian Plateau and Asia Minor • Power cores controlled Egypt, but Egypt had limited control outside its territory

  19. Power Cores Renewed conflict in • Iranian Plateau (Iran) • Mesopotamia (Iraq) • Fertile Crescent (Arabs & Israel)

  20. Why is Underdevelopment?

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