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Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry: the Polar Sunrise Experiments (PSE)

Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry: the Polar Sunrise Experiments (PSE). Jan W. Bottenheim 1 , Paul B. Shepson 2 , Jose D. Fuentes 3 , Leonard A. Barrie 4. 1 Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada 2 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

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Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry: the Polar Sunrise Experiments (PSE)

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  1. Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry: the Polar Sunrise Experiments (PSE) Jan W. Bottenheim1, Paul B. Shepson2, Jose D. Fuentes3, Leonard A. Barrie4 1Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada 2Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA 3University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 4WMO, Geneva, Switzerland

  2. Chronology of PSEs: 1988: first PSE 1992, 2000: major campaigns Yearly small, dedicated campaigns

  3. Relationship between ozone and bromine From: Barrie et al., 1988

  4. BrO + BrO limiting Br + O3 -> BrO + O2 BrO + BrO -> 2 Br + O2 BrO + HO2 -> HOBr HOBr + Br- -> 2 Br

  5. From: Foster et al., 2001 From: Hoenninger and Platt, 2002

  6. GOME satellite data From: Richter et al., 1998

  7. Frost flowers Frost flower growth is efficient over new sea-ice, at a rate inversely proportional to temperature Most episodes occur where surface temperature is < -20 0C Frequency of depletion episodes is increasing (0.7 % y-1), evidence of climate change?

  8. The HCHO lifetime changes from ~3 months in the dark, to 0.5 days in sunlight From: Sumner and Shepson, 1999

  9. Role of Formaldehyde in Ozone Destruction Radical Source HCHO + h  •H HO2• HO2• + BrO• HOBr + O2 HOBr(aq) + Br - + H+ Br2(aq)  Br2(g) + h 2 •Br Bromine Radical Sink •Br + O3 BrO• + O2 BrO• + BrO• 2 •Br + O2 •Br + HCHO  HBr + HCO•

  10. O3, *20 NOy PAN NOx

  11. Vertical HONO profile at SST, 10:00-14:30, 4/24/00. 110 90 70 Height/Depth, cm 50 30 10 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 HONO, ppt Courtesy: X. Zhou, SUNYA

  12. Courtesy: Schroeder and Steffen, MSC

  13. Similarly, ozone depletion in spring is an annually recurring phenomenon (for a graphic representation contact Dr. K.G. Anlauf at the Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) Courtesy: Anlauf and Hayden, MSC

  14. TGM at Ice Camp From: Steffen et al., 2002

  15. 10 1 0.1 27 Apr: 4 to 12 h 0.01 28 Apr 6 to 16 h 5 May: 0 to 10 h 0 2 4 6 [O ] in ppbv 3 Height (m) Fuentes, unpublished

  16. From: Albert et al., 2002

  17. Courtesy: Strong and Fuentes

  18. From: Bottenheim et al., 2002

  19. Some future experiments • Detailed chemistry profiles of the lower atmosphere (< 100 m) • Role of frost flowers on chemical processing • Laboratory experiments devoted to the heterogeneous chemistry • on frozen seawater surfaces • Three-dimensional studies to investigate the climate impact of • ozone depletion • Other? (discuss at meeting on Saturday evening)

  20. `

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