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World War II

World War II. Goal 10. Nazis ( nat-zees). Nazi Rise to Power. What do you know about the Treaty of Versailles? Young radical named Adolf Hitler joins National Socialist Party (Nazi); tries revolution in early 1920s Arrested and jailed

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World War II

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  1. World War II Goal 10

  2. Nazis ( nat-zees)

  3. Nazi Rise to Power • What do you know about the Treaty of Versailles? Young radical named Adolf Hitler joins National Socialist Party (Nazi); tries revolution in early 1920s • Arrested and jailed • Writes book called Mein Kampf; blames Jews & Communists • Nazi Party gains more power after Great Depression hits the world in 1929-30

  4. Natzees Continued • Hitler & Nazis gain control of German government LEGALLY in 1933 • Set up “Third Reich” (fascism - nationalistic, racist, dictatorship) • Nazis begin “educating” youth of Germany • Start eliminating political competition • Start persecuting Jews • Nuremburg laws Anti-Semitic Laws

  5. Natzees take over… • Italy has fascist government under Benito Mussolini; begins to ally with Hitler • Japan gains power; invades Manchuria in 1931 & invades China in 1937 • Hitler begins to break Treaty of Versailles • Begins troop buildup & military buildup • Sends troops into Rhineland in 1936 (French & GB do nothing)

  6. Continued… • Hitler takes control of Austria in 1938 • Hitler threatens to take Sudetenland (NW Czechoslovakia) • Munich Conference (1938) • British use policy of appeasement; agree to give Sudetenland in exchange for no further aggression • Neville Chamberlin (British Prime Minister) “We’ve achieved peace in our time.” • Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia in Spring 1939

  7. War!!!

  8. Who vs. Who this time? • Axis Powers • Germany • Japan • Italy • Allies • England • France (before defeat) • U.S. • USSR • China

  9. FDR, Churchill, Stalin

  10. Hitler, Mussolini, Hirohito

  11. America: Pre-War Years, 1939-1941 • Cash & Carry • Sept. 1939: allowed warring nations to buy US arms; must pay cash & transport own goods • Tripartite Pact • Establishes the Axis Powers • Sept. 1940: Germany, Italy, Japan sign • Lend/Lease Act • 1941: British out of cash; US lends/leases goods • US also provides aide to Soviet Union

  12. Pre War Continued • German U-Boats • U-boats attack US ships (1941) • Roosevelt orders Navy to fight back IF attacked • Japan attacks US • US cut off trade to Japan (including oil) to persuade them to stop expansion in Pacific • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 • US declares war on Japan; Italy & Germany declare war on US

  13. 5 Million Americans volunteered for military service 10 Million more drafted via Selective Service US industry converts to complete war-time production War Production Board (WPB) regulates industries for war-time production Women join workforce (Rosie the Riveter) Government sets up Office of Price Administration (OPA) Price freezes set up to regulate economy US citizens begin rationing materials; most for military use Propaganda used to convince citizens to help War at Home

  14. Anti-Japanese • US discriminates against Japanese-Americans • Internment camps set up for Japanese-Americans on West Coast • 110,000+ relocated from homes to concentration camps • Most are native born • Korematsu v. United States, 1944 – Supreme Court rules in favor of US gov’t

  15. Fighting • Pacific • Japan continues expansion in Pacific while US is weak (after Pearl Harbor) • Japan takes Philippines from US in early 1942 • General Douglas McArthur vows “I shall return” • Troops suffer Bataan Death March • Atlantic/Europe • US suffers many early attacks by German U-Boats • Stalin urges US & British to invade Europe in 1942 • Instead US & British attack North Africa (Nov. 42) • Allies defeat Germans in N.Africa by May 1943 • Attack next moves into Italian Peninsula in 1943

  16. ***Major Battles-Europe*** • Stalingrad • Aug.1942-Feb.1943; Turning Point of WWII • Normandy/D-Day • June 6, 1944; Massive allied invasion into France • Battle of the Bulge • Last German effort to stop Allied advance from West (Ardennes)

  17. Major Battles-Pacific • Midway *** • Guadalcanal • Leyte Gulf • Iwo Jima*** • Okinawa

  18. D-Day: June 6, 1944

  19. End of the War • FDR dies April 12, 1945, Truman takes over. • Europe • Soviets lay siege to Berlin in April 1945 • Hitler and many top Nazi leaders commit suicide • Germans finally surrender on May 8, 1945 • Pacific • Japanese refuse to surrender • Manhattan Project - US develops atomic bomb Dr. Robert Oppenhiemer • US decided to use bombs on Japan, hoping to force surrender • Aug.6, 1945 US drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima • Up to 145,000 killed • Aug.9, 1945 US drops “Fat Man” on Nagasaki • Up to 75,000 killed • Aug.15, Japan announces decision to surrender, officially doing so on Sept. 2, 1945

  20. After Effects • Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) • United Nations created; tensions between Allies begin over post-War Eastern Europe (democracy or communism) • Potsdam Conference (July 1945) • Germany divided into 4 occupation zones; leads to communist East Germany and democratic West Germany • Nuremburg Trials • High ranking Nazi officers put on trial for war crimes • Highest ranking officer (Goering) sentenced to death; commits suicide before being executed • Japan Rebuilt • US rebuilds Japan, establishing a constitution/democratic gov’t • Cold War • Tensions between US & USSR continue until 1990 regarding spread of communism/democracy (Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)

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