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MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. Tuberculosis. World’s second commonest cause of death Principal diseases of poverty The emergence of drug resistant organisms threatens to make Tb incurable. Causes.
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Tuberculosis • World’s second commonest cause of death • Principal diseases of poverty • The emergence of drug resistant organisms threatens to make Tb incurable
Causes When someone with Tb infection cough, sneezes or talks, tiny droplets of saliva or mucus are expelled into the air, which can be inhaled by another person. Once infectious particles reach alveoli macrophage, engulfs Tb bacteria. then the bacteria transmitted to lymphatic system and bloodstream and spread to other organs occur.
Risk factors for Tb • HIV infection • Malnutrition • Alcoholism • Homelessness • Crowded living conditions • Diseases that weaken immune system • Low socio-economic status
Only about 10%of the people infected with M.tuberculosis ever develop • tuberculosis disease. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis have no symptoms • and frequently goes away by itself. But in 50% of cases, the disease can • return. Return of dormant tuberculosis occurs in the upper lungs and the symptoms include • Common cough with progressive increase in mucus production • Coughing up blood • Fever • Loss of appetite • Weight loss • Night sweats • Weakness • Tuberculosis may develop in an organ other than lungs • Lymph nodes • Genitourinary tract • Bone and joint sites • Meninges • Gastrointestinal tract
Medical treatment Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. standard therapy for active TB consist of a six month regimen containing antibiotics isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamideand ethambutol for first two months, and only isoniazid and rifampicin for the last four months. Totally drug resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs.
