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The Basque Country in the past. First written vestiges in Aquitanian inscriptions

The Basque Country in the past. First written vestiges in Aquitanian inscriptions. The arrival of the Celtic peoples. The arrival of the Romans: 100 BC Akitania / Iruñea-Pompaelo / Oiarsso / Iruñea-Veleia. Languages in south-western Europe in the first century AD.

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The Basque Country in the past. First written vestiges in Aquitanian inscriptions

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  1. The Basque Country in the past. First written vestiges in Aquitanian inscriptions The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  2. The arrival of the Celtic peoples The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  3. The arrival of the Romans: 100 BCAkitania / Iruñea-Pompaelo / Oiarsso / Iruñea-Veleia The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  4. Languages in south-western Europe in the first century AD The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  5. The Basque speaking tribes in the 5th century AD The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  6. The arrival of the Germanic tribes: Franks and Visigoths 6th 8th century The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  7. Vasconia-Wasconia-Gaskoinia- Gascony-Gascuña 7th century AD The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  8. The struggle for independence: The battle of Orreaga-Roncesvaux. Charlemagne defeated: the Chanson the Rolandyear 778 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  9. Vasconia/Wasconia/Gasconybecomes the Kingdom of Iruñea-Pamplona Eneko Aritza first king in 824 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  10. The Basque state: the kingdom of Pamplona-Navarre.The year 1000 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  11. The Iberian peninsula11 century The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  12. 1054-1076-1200constant attacks and invasions The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  13. The Basque state: the kingdom of Navarre.The year 1200 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  14. The Basque state: the kingdom of Navarre.The year 1500 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  15. Europe in the year 1500 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  16. Invasion of the last independent territory of the Basque Kingdom of Navarre: 1512-1521 Ferdinand of Aragon and Elisabeth of Castille Catherine and Joan III The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  17. 1512-1526 rebellions againts the occupation The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  18. Battle of Noain 1521 Henry II King of Navarre Charles I of Spain, Emperor Charles V Duke of Alba The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  19. The Basque state: the kingdom of Navarre.The year 1600 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  20. Kings and Queens of the Basque Kingdom of Navarre throughout 900 years 824-851 Eneko Aritza, 851-882 García Iñiguez, 882-905 Fortun Garces, 905-925 Sancho I Garces, 925-931 Jimeno Garcés, 930-970 García Sánchez I, 970-994 Sancho II Garcés Abarca, 994-1000 García Sánchez II the Trembler, 1000-1035 Sancho III the Great, 1035-1054 García Sánchez III of Nájera, 1054-1076 Sancho IV of Peñalén, 1076-1094 Sancho V Ramírez, 1094-1104 Peter, 1104-1134 Alfonso the Battler, 1134-1150 García Ramírez the Restorer, 1150-1194 Sancho VI the Wise, 1194-1234 Sancho VII the Strong, 1234-1253, Theobald I the Troubadour, 1253-1270 Theobald II, 1270-1274 Henry I the Fat. 1274-1305 Joan I Philip I the Fair, 1284-1305 Philip I the Fair. 1305-1316 Louis I the Headstrong 1316 John I 1316-1322 Philip II the Tall, 1322-1328 Charles I the Fair, 1328-1349 Joan II, 1349-1387 Charles II the Bad, 1387-1425 Charles III the Noble, 1425-1441 Blanche I, 1425-1479 John II the Great, (until 1441 with Blanche I), 1441-1461 Charles (IV), Prince of Viana, 1461-1464 Blanche (II), 1479 Eleanor, 1479-1483 Francis Phoebus, 1483-1518 Catherine , 1484-1516 John III (with Catherine). 1516-1555 Henry II, 1555-1572 Joan III d'Albret 1572-1610 Henry III, also king of France as Henry IV, son of Joan. 1610-1620 Louis II, also king of France as Louis XIII. n 1512, Catherine and Joan III were defeated by Ferdinand II of Aragon who then conquered southern Navarre for Spain and was crowned king. The following monarchs only reigned over Lower Navarre, the part of Navarre north of the Pyrenees. Henry III of Navarre became Henry IV of France and thereafter the crown of Navarre passed to the kings of France. In 1620, the Kingdom was merged into France, although the French kings continued to use the title King of Navarre until 1791, and it was revived from 1814 to 1830 during the Restoration. The Bourbon Carlist pretenders to the throne of Spain had Spanish Navarre as a stronghold during the Carlist Wars, but their claim was to all the Spanish royal titles. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  21. Navarre in France Henry III of Navarre IV of France Shakespeare in Love's Labours Lost: Navarre will be the wonder of the world The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  22. Fast regression of Basque language after the invasion of Navarre and the laws that unified education under the Sapnish and French languages The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  23. Arrival of the Spanish inquisition in Navarre: an excuse to repress independentisism • Pierre de Lancre: massive witch-hunt in Labourd 1609. • Constant uprisings So-called witches burnt at the stake The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  24. French Revolution • Fanatism speaks Basque. • Derogation of all liberties. • One republic, one nation, one language: i.e. French. • No recognition of a Basque identity. • Department of the Atlantic Pyrenees: the Basque and the Bearnese together. • Basque language has no official status. • Basque citizens conscripted by the French army. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  25. Different approaches to the recovery of independence • Carlist wars in a row. The whole southern Basque Country totally ruined. • 1834-1872 Uprisings to defend the last liberties of the Basque Country: customs taken to the French-Spanish border, military conscription, courts, tax system, coin. • 1841, Navarre is deprived of its statehood of Kingdom turned into a mere Spanish province. • Treaty of Bergara 1876: all the Basque Provinces are subjected to the unity of the Spanish monarchy and their laws. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  26. Different approaches to the recovery of independence • Sabino Arana (P.N.V. – E.A.J.) Basque National Party 1898 • Nation based on race. • Spanish immigration into the Basque industry: 1900 one out of four. • Rejection to anything coming from Spain: language, customs, race • Basque republics willingly united to Spain. • Invented name: Euzkadi The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  27. Different approaches to the recovery of independence • Resistance in the kingdom: refusal to write the name of Spain in the coins minted in Navarre. • Refusal to remove customs. • Recovery of the Kingdom of Navarre as the Basque State. • Concept of Zazpiak Bat: Seven in One • Serafin de Olabe: Republic of Navarre (Low and High Navarre, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, Araba and Rioja) • Euskaroak: Iturralde y Suit, Campion… • Preservation of Basque language in Navarre. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  28. The Basque Country in the XX centurystruggle for independence • The Spanish Civil War in the Basque Country. • 40 years of Franco The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  29. After the war of 1936 • Euskadi Ta Askatasuna The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  30. Referendum to pass the Spanish Constitution in 1978 The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  31. Acceptance of the 1978 Spanish Constitution in the Basque Country-Navarre The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  32. Acceptance of the Autonomy Statutes of the Basque Country The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  33. Acceptance of the Autonomy Statute of Navarre • Never put to popular referendum. Just concocted and imposed by the Spanish nationalists in Navarre and Madrid without further voting. • The unity of Navarre and the other three southern provinces continues to be probably the main issue in the resolution of the Basque conflict since the invasion of the western territories of the Kingdom of Navarre by Castille in 1176 and 1200, and the final invasion 1512. • In 1978 the Basque Nationalist and the leftist Spanish parties in Navarre (Spanish Socialist Party and Communist Party) were in agreement about the unification of the four provinces under a single Statute with Iruñea-Pamplona as capital of the whole territory. • This golden opportunity was lost due to the pressure of the Spanish army and the Spanish nationalist extremist in Navarre and Spain in order to prevent an economically prosperous and territorially integrated Basque Country-Navarre, which in the Spanish nationalits’ view was tantamount to running the risk of secession from Spain. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  34. Administrative division of the Basque Country-NavarreEuskal Herria-Nafarroa The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  35. Prerogatives or powers reserved to the Parliament and Government of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Euskadi): • The law specifies that the Community comprises the provinces of Araba, Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia and also leaves the door open to the unification of the Community of Navarra and the Basque Country, as it is also established in the Spanish Constitution. Euskara, the Basque language, is named as one of the official languages of the Basque Country and Navarre. The other is of course Spanish. • Taxation and Treasure. • Education and Universities. • Healthcare: Hospitals and Social Welfare Policy. • Police: traffic, public order, criminal investigation. • Radio, Television and Public Media. • Tourism. • Industry. • Local Justice. • Agriculture, Fishing and Forests. • Housing. • … • Nevertheless, after 30 years a good number of powers expressly included in the Statute still remain to be transferred to the Basque Administration. This is the case with the Employment Institute, with the management of the Autonomous Community's ports and airports, scientific research, and with the organisation and operation of prisons. • Prerogatives or powers reserved tothe Parliament and Government of the Autonomous Community of Navarre: Navarra-Nafarroa: similar ones. • Competences of the Basque regions in France: none. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  36. Institutions A survey commissioned by the Office for Sociological Research of the Basque Government showed that 31 per cent of the Basques consider themselves only Basque, 16 per cent Basque rather than Spanish, 36 per cent equally Basque and Spanish, with 11 per cent more or only Spanish. The figures for Navarra and the French provinces would show a lower number of those who consider themselves to be only Basque. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  37. The European Union of Nations and Peoples Euskal Herria-Nafarroa Basque Country-Navarre Euskal Herria/Basque Country means the nation of the Basque culture and language Nafarroa/Navarre means the historical state of the Basque people in Europe. The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  38. The Times The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  39. EuropeanUnionofNations The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  40. Agur Jaunak: different but equal Agur Jaunak Jaunak agur, agur t’erdi, Jaungoikoak eiñak gire zuek eta bai gu ere. Agur Jaunak, agur, Jaunak agur, hemen gire, Agur Jaunak. Greetings ladies and gentlemen Greetings Best wishes God created us allyou andus as well.Greetings ladies and gentlemen Greetings Best wishes and we are here in this landGreetings ladies and gentlemen The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

  41. But the only way to know the Basque Country-Navarre is to visit it. It’s just around the corner. You’ll be welcome. See you, friends!! Gero arte, lagunak!! The Basque Country-Navarre by R.S.M.

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