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first aid

Volunteer Marine Rescue . TDM MF1007B. first aid. Volunteer Marine Rescue . TDM MF10 07B. drsabcd. Apply First Aid. Session 1. Introduction Emergencies Legal Obligations Managing the Scene Patient Care Air Way Management Respiratory Care C.P.R. Unconsciousness. Please Note.

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first aid

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  1. Volunteer Marine Rescue TDM MF1007B first aid

  2. Volunteer Marine Rescue TDM MF10 07B drsabcd

  3. Apply First Aid Session 1 • Introduction • Emergencies • Legal Obligations • Managing the Scene • Patient Care • Air Way Management • Respiratory Care • C.P.R. • Unconsciousness

  4. Please Note “This is a Hands on Course” During this first aid course you will be required to perform first aid techniques and procedures on other students. These procedures will also be practiced on you by other course participants. Eg: bandaging, recovery position etc. If you are concerned with these, please take this opportunity to discuss your concerns with your course facilitator now.

  5. Obtaining Consent • You should obtain consentfrom the individual before assistance is provided. • It is assault to touch or interfere in any way if consent is not given. • Consent is deemed not necessary if an individual is unconscious. • In the case of a minor, obtain consent from parent or guardian.

  6. Duty of care Australian Law does not impose a duty on all persons to stop and render assistance If you do stop, then you assume a duty of care to act carefully and competently Queensland State Law does impose a duty to those involved in a road traffic crash to stop, render assistance as able and call for medical assistance

  7. The VMR Worksite. VMR Bases and Vessels are considered under the law to be workplaces and therefore workplace health and safety regulations apply. Mariners and volunteers working on a commercial vessel have a legal obligation and responsibility to comply with workplace health and safety instructions from Unit Management and the Master of the vessel. Legislation requires that VMR workers do not recklessly use or misuse anything provided for their use, and do not willfully risk the health and safety of themselves or others. The volunteer rescuer is there to assist and must protect those being assisted.

  8. Civil Liabilities Act Clause 39 provides an indemnity to individual volunteers, either engaged in community work for community organisations or as an office holder of such an organisation, from liability in negligence for their own actions. The conduct of the volunteer must be in good faith, and without reckless disregard for the safety of any other person.

  9. AQTF AND ARC GUIDELINES All first aid and resuscitation techniques and assessment processes meet AQTF (Australian Quality Training Framework) and ARC (Australian Resuscitation Council) guidelines.

  10. Emergency Contact Numbers • 000 Call this number for: • Ambulance • Fire • Police • From a mobile or call 000 • 131261 Call Poisons information centre call

  11. What is first aid? First Aid is emergency care given to an injured or ill patient before medical assistance arrives.

  12. P ‘s FOUR PRESERVE LIFE PROTECT THE UNCONSCIOUS PREVENT DETERIORATION PROMOTE RECOVERY

  13. NOTE Any first aider is not expected to be an expert and a court would consider: the first aider's level of training, what a prudent and reasonable person could be expected to do with the same level of training and in the same or similar circumstances

  14. BARRIERS TO ACTION • Presence of bystanders • Uncertainty about the victim • Nature of injury/illness Are we competent to take over? Friend v stranger, First Aid means First Aid Some injuries are very unpleasant to see

  15. BARRIERS TO ACTION • Fear of Disease transmission • Fear of doing something wrong • know • Can I catch something here? • (some of us feel we will do the wrong thing • some of us feel we may go too far) • The worst we can do is nothing.

  16. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST AIDER • COMMUNICATION • Needs to be culturally aware, sensitive, respectful (Verbal and non verbal communication is important when handling a casualty)

  17. …..More Responsibilities • Reporting • Record Keeping • Must be timely, Clear, concise, accurate • Do’s: Use pen not pencil, sign and date, maintain confidentiality • Don'ts: No correction fluid- cross out and initial changes

  18. …SELF CARE AS a FIRST-AIDER Debriefing is important Working as a first aider in traumatic affects people differently Seeking feedback from medical personnel about your experience can promote self-improvement and prepare you better for future events

  19. RECOGNISING EMERGENCIES UNUSUAL NOISES Screams, yells, moans, calls for help, breaking glass ,crashing metal, screeching tyres UNUSUAL SIGHTS Stalled vehicle with door open, overturned saucepan spilled medicine container, broken glass, fallen high-voltage lines UNUSUAL SMELLS Unusual strong smells, unrecognisable smells, obnoxious smells UNUSUAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BEHAVIOUR Unconscious, difficult breathing, clutching chest or throat, slurred speech, confused, irritability, drowsiness, sweating usually, uncharacteristic colour of skin.

  20. Survey the Scene Are there any Dangers? Traffic Fire Electricity (fallen power lines) Fuel or Chemical spillage Gas Bad Weather Unstable Structures

  21. ASSESSING THE SITUATION – Safety Management • DETERMINE PRIORITIES D.R.A.B.C.D. Multiple Casualties • UTILISE BY-STANDERS • CALL FOR HELP Dial 000

  22. GENERAL MANAGEMENT • D.R.S.A.B.C.D. • HAEMORAGE CONTROL • EMOTIONAL SUPPORT • PAIN RELIEF • CLIMATE PROTECTION

  23. Risks to the Rescuer • Environmental Dangers • Cross Infection: Take precautions if necessary. Use ‘barrier devices’ if possible. • Manual Handling Follow principles of safe moving and handling. Get assistance if necessary

  24. ACTION AT AN EMERGENCY Quickly ACT Calmly Correctly

  25. CASUALTY EXAMINATION

  26. Response - C.O.W.S • Can you hear me? • Open your eyes • What’s your name • Shake (give them a shake)

  27. Moving a Casualty • Before moving the casualty consider • Whether you can handle the size and weight, without injury to yourself or the casualty • What other help is available • Type and seriousness of injuries • Terrain to be crossed • Distance casualty has to be moved • If travel or motion sickness may make casualty worse

  28. When lifting, remember to: • Bend at the knees • Keep your back straight and head up • Keep in a balanced position • Keep your centre of gravity low • Hold the weight close to your body for stability • Take small steps • Work as a team - someone must take role of leader

  29. Moving People ON YOUR OWN Follow principles of safe handling and get help if needed The Ankle Drag The Arm Drag The Clothes Drag

  30. Lifting a Casualty - General Management Follow DRABCD. Manage all injuries and immobilise fractures. Tell casualty what you are intending to do. Seek casualty’s help and cooperation. Make sure casualty feels secure. Always use help to lift if it is available. Hold casualty firmly. Avoid risks where possible.

  31. Gathering Patient Information • HISTORY • SIGNS • SYMPTOMS

  32. EXTERNAL CLUES • CHECK: • Handbag • Pockets • Briefcase • Hospital Cards • Medic Alert

  33. Sight • Touch • Smell • Hearing Signs

  34. Sensations • PAIN • TENDERNESS • LOSS OF MOVEMENT • LOSS OF SENSATION • COLD • HEAT • NAUSEA • WEAKNESS • DIZZINESS • FAINTNESS • LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS • LOSS OF MEMORY Symptoms

  35. Check for INJURIES

  36. TOP TO BOTTOM • HEAD • NECK & SPINE • TRUNK • ARMS • LEGS

  37. Vital signs • Pulse • Breathing • Conscious state • Skin state

  38. Normal Pulse • Adults (60-80 BPM) • Children (80-100 BPM) • Infants (100-160 BPM)

  39. Normal Breathing • Adults 16-20 breaths per minute • Children (1-5 YO) 25-40 breaths per minute • Children (6-12 YO) 16-25 breaths per minute • Infants (1-12 mths) 25-40 breaths per minute

  40. UNCONSCIOUSNESS An unconscious patient is one who does not respond to the spoken word. There are three levels: • Fully conscious (alert). • semiconscious (can be roused). • fully unconscious (no response).

  41. UNCONSCIOUSNESS • Causes: • Trauma- Head/spinal • Stroke • Infections (meningitis) • Epilepsy / Seizures • Diabetic attack - Insulin • Infant Convulsions • Alcohol / Drugs • Pretending • Uraemia ( renal failure) Combinations of different causes maybe present in an unconscious casualty

  42. CARE FOR AN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT • Place in recovery position (See below). • Stop bleeding. • Loosen all tight clothing. • Leave in recovery position. Check for injuries. • Keep patient’s temperature normal. • Continue to monitor their A.B.C. • DO NOT attempt to give fluids. • DO NOT leave your patient. Send someone else for help. Document for your own information and medical aid when it comes all history, signs and symptoms you find. Be prepared to perform CPR if the patient goes into cardiac arrest (that is not breathing and heart stops beating).

  43. Recovery Position All unconscious patients must be placed in the recovery position irrespective of their injuries. This is to ensure their airway is open so oxygen can get to their lungs.

  44. Recovery Position The first step is to raise the knee nearest to you.

  45. Recovery Position Place the patients arm nearest to you across their chest. Extend their other arm away from their body.

  46. Recovery Position Carefully roll the patient on to their side, bring the head back so that the airway is clear.

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