1 / 26

First Aid

First Aid. Borys Lokay. Road accidents. Plane accidents. Train accidents. Natural disasters. Earth quakes. Floods & tsunami. Avalanches. Hurricanes & tornadoes. What to do in an emergency?. Assess the situation - DO NOT PUT YOURSELF IN DANGER!

luce
Download Presentation

First Aid

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. First Aid Borys Lokay

  2. Road accidents Plane accidents Train accidents Natural disasters Earth quakes

  3. Floods & tsunami

  4. Avalanches

  5. Hurricanes & tornadoes

  6. What to do in an emergency? • Assess the situation - DO NOT PUT YOURSELF IN DANGER! • Check the scene for hazards and unsafe conditions (hazardous material, unstable ground or vehicles, violence, falling, rockfall, severe cold exposure, flooding etc.). Train yourself to look for hazards at an accident scene • Can you make the scene safe or do you require help? (police, power company, gas company, HazMat etc.)

  7. What to do in an emergency? • Can you stabilize the equipment or machinery? • The accident Scene MUST BE SAFE FOR YOU • You can’t help anyone if you become a victim!

  8. What to do in an emergency? • Make the area safe • Assess all casualties and attend first to any unconsciouscasualties • Send for help - do not delay • Start to provide first aid for the victims Start first aid only after ensuring safety (the victim's AND yours) “A dead rescuer never did anyone any good”

  9. Universal Precautions (BSI) • Body Substance Isolation • Latex or Vinyl Gloves • One Way Breathing Mask • Eye protection • Why? • HIV / AIDS • HBV Do not dismiss U.P. because you know the person

  10. STEP 1: PRIMARY SURVEY • Does the person respond? Tap or gently shake the victim. Shout loudly, "Are you OK?". Of course, if you ask a victim 'Are you alright?' and get a 'No, dammit, I think I've broken my ankle' then you can guess that airway and breathing are OK and he/she is conscious • If there is no response, your priorities are to: • shout for help/call emergency; • check for signs of life (ABC - Airways, Breathing, Circulation) without moving the victim • if it’s impossibly, turn the victim face up carefully, trying to keep his/her head and neck on one axis with torso

  11. A B C • A (Airway) • To open the airway: • place your hand on the casualty's forehead and gently tilt the head back; • lift the chin with two fingertips • B (Breathing) • Look, listen and feel for normal breathing from 3 to 5 seconds: • look for chest movement; • listen at the casualty's mouth for breath sounds; • feel for air on your cheek

  12. A B C • B (Breathing) • If you can’t determine any signs of breathing: • make 2 rescue breathings, observing the chest’s moving • if you feel that the air doesn’t pass into victim’s lungs, it means that airways are obstructed C (Circulation) Carotid Pulse, 5 to 10 Seconds

  13. Recovery position • If the victim is unresponsive, has an open airway, and is breathing spontaneously, turn the victim onto his or her side (recovery position) with the victim's hand in front • Be aware of the potential for nerve and vessel injury if the victim lies on one arm for a prolonged period; it may be necessary to roll the victim to the other side

  14. If victim’s airways are obstructed: • kneel, striding the victim’s hips; • place one hand on top of the other between the navel and the rib cage; • give 5 abdominal thrusts (from behind to forward and from the top to down) to dislodge any object blocking the airway (if the victim is a pregnant woman you have to give 5 thrusts on sternum); • remove obstructing material; • check for breathing; • if you detect no signs of breathing begin rescue breathing again; • repeat this actions till the airways becomes passable; • recheck the pulse every minute • if the victim has the pulse, provide rescue breathings till he/she begins breathe independently; • as soon as breathing returns, place the person in the recovery position • if the victim’s heart doesn’t beat start the CPR IMMEDIATELY after the airways becomes passable

  15. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) • tilt the head back, lift the chin with two fingertips • make 2 rescue breathings • place the heel of one hand on the sternum approximately 2 cm above of xiphoid process and the heel of the other one directly on top of the first • with your arms straight, lean over the person and press straight down on the breastbone so it goes down 4-5 cm. After the each compression, allow the chest rise completely before repeating • make 30 chest compressions at the rate of 100 per minute

  16. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) • Check for presence of breathing and pulse every 2-3 minutes • Repeat all cycle until emergency help arrives, or the person takes the breath or starts to move, or until you are too exhausted to continue • When breathing and heart beating returns, place the person in recovery position

  17. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) There are few differences between CPR for adults, for children from 1 to 8 years old and for infants less than 1 year: • CPR for children from 1 to 8 years old: • you place on the breastbone the heel of ONE hand and perform compressions on the depth of 3 cm • rescue breathing must be not so deep as for adults (app. 2/3 – 1/2 of adult’s lung capacity) • CPR for infants less than 1 year: • you place on the breastbone only 2 fingers 1 cm below the line between the nipples and perform compressions on the depth of 2 cm • rescue breathing must be not so deep as for adults and children (app. 1/3 – 1/4 of adult’s lung capacity)

  18. CPR for children

  19. CPR for infants

  20. Choking Choking occurs when food or a foreign object obstructs the throat and interferes with normal breathing. If the victim can speak or cough forcibly and is getting sufficient air, do not interfere with his attempts to cough the obstruction from his throat. If victim cannot speak or is not getting sufficient air, have someone call emergency while you perform abdominal thrusts

  21. Choking (Heimlich maneuver) Make a fist with one hand and place that fist just above the navel and well below the ribs, with the thumb and forefinger side toward you Stand directly behind the victim and wrap your arms around his stomach

  22. Choking Grasp this fist with the other hand and pull it quickly toward you with an inward and slightly upward thrust. Repeat if necessary • If the victim becomes unconscious: • Lay the victim on his back • If the object is visible, use your forefinger to reach deeply into the victim's mouth (along the inside of the cheek) and try to sweep the obstruction out of the victim's throat. (This step should be performed only on someone 9 years of age or older) • Even if this is not successful, attempt rescue breathing • If rescue breathing is not working due to the obstruction, sit straddling the victim's thighs and perform abdominal thrusts by pushing onto the victim above the naval below the ribs with the heel of the hand five times from this position

  23. Choking (for infants) • Place the victim's head in a downward position on the rescuer's forearm with the head and neck stabilized • With the heel of the rescuer's hand, administer five rapid back blows between the victim's shoulder blades • If the obstruction remains, turn the victim face up and rest on a firm surface • Deliver five rapid thrusts over the breastbone using two fingers • If the victim is still not breathing normally, administer mouth-to-mouth resuscitation as specified for an infant • Repeat the above steps as necessary. If the obstructioncannot be removed, call for medical help immediately

  24. Severe bleeding • Apply direct pressure to the wound • Manual pressure on gauze or other cloth placed over the bleeding source. If bleeding continues, do not remove the gauze; add more gauze on top and apply more pressure • An elastic bandage firmly wrapped over gauze to hold it in place with pressure • Raise and support the injured part (unless broken) • If the bleeding is very serious, apply pressure to the nearest major pressure point. Only use the pressure points if elevation and direct pressure haven't controlled the bleeding • Never use a tourniquet except in response to an extreme emergency, such as a amputated arm or leg

  25. Thank You!

More Related