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From the Ashes of the Mongols

From the Ashes of the Mongols. The Rise of the Ottomans. Osman Bey (1258-1326). Leader of nomadic horse soldiers Employed by Seljuks to help fight the Mongols Took over weak Seljuk world in wake of the Mongols invasion. A Rival in the Path of Osman.

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From the Ashes of the Mongols

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  1. From the Ashes of the Mongols The Rise of the Ottomans

  2. Osman Bey (1258-1326) • Leader of nomadic horse soldiers • Employed by Seljuks to help fight the Mongols • Took over weak Seljuk world in wake of the Mongols invasion

  3. A Rival in the Path of Osman • Forbidden to make war on Muslims, the only choice was to go toward Byzantium… • Ottoman (Osman) Empire founded Black Sea Med Sea

  4. The Encircling of Constantinople • Janissaries – Muslims had tribal loyalties, not Christian slaves • Taking the Balkans: - (1389) Battle of Kosovo beat Serbia - (1400) beat Bulgars • Moving toward Bosporus and Dardanelles…

  5. Mehmet II Finishes the Job • 80,000 Janissaries lay siege to 7,000 defenders at Constantinople • 26’ Ottoman cannons launched 1,200 lbs. balls • Built Topkapi Palace from which to rule in Constantinople 1432-1481

  6. Completion of the Ottoman Map • Sultan Selim I – campaign from 1514-1517 takes Egypt, Arabia, Mesopotamia and pushes to Gibralter • Takes title of Caliph as well 1465-1520

  7. The Ottoman World Stalls • 1520, Sultan Suleyman wants Europe… • Defeated Hungary, (who controlled exit from the Balkans) at the battle of Mohacs,1526 • At Vienna – stopped by Pole, Jan Sobieski, 1529 1494-1566

  8. The Ottoman Empire

  9. Politics of the Empire • Huge empire too hard to control from Istanbul, local Pashas helped the Sultan

  10. The world of the Sultan • Sultanate hereditary, though not primogeniture • Successions violent, losers killed • Insulated at Topkapi, the Harem and Queen mother have strong influence

  11. Religion in the Empire • Ottomans are Sunni & Sultan is the Caliph (theocracy) • The Ulema – Muslim clerics who advised the Sultan. • Set education laws • Christians paid tax

  12. Ottoman Society • 1. The Ruling Class • 2. Merchants- no taxes or regulations • 3. Artisans – had guilds for quality • 4. Peasants – Sultan gave out land • 5. Pastoral People

  13. Women in Society • More Free than other world societies • Could inherit & own property. Could divorce.

  14. Ottoman Art • From Mehmet on, known for silks, pottery, rugs, jewelry and armor. • New mosques based on Byzantine Church of Hagia Sofia. Sinan most famous architect.

  15. Problems in the Empire • From the time of Suleyman, who executed 2 most able sons, weakest then ruled –Selim II • Court members became more powerful. Corruption grows…

  16. The Ottomans slip in Power • Battle of Lepanto – 1571, Ottoman fleet sunk by Spain • Beginning of transfer of power to Atlantic Europe • 1683- failed effort to take Vienna again • Beginning of leaving Europe

  17. The Finale • Broken up after World War I into many Euro-controlled states Purple – UK Orange- FR Pink – IT Blue – SP Tan -free

  18. Losing their Ottoman-ness • As Europe grows in power, Ottomans try to act European… • Sultan clamped down on Euro-pretenders to strengthen rule • Beginning of • Cultural Imperial Anger by Muslims

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