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Transport II

Transport II. Blood Fats. Blood Fats Cholesterol a soft, waxy substance present in all parts of the body made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) Bad cholesterol Protein, fat and cholesterol ball. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

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Transport II

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  1. Transport II

  2. Blood Fats • Blood Fats • Cholesterol • a soft, waxy substance present in all parts of the body made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet.

  3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) • Bad cholesterol Protein, fat and cholesterol ball

  4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) • Good cholesterol

  5. Cholesterol Makes up structure of cell membranes Production of hormones lining of myelin sheath (nerve tissue) Cholesterol is essential for life: Does the cholesterol in your blood come from the cholesterol you eat? • Yes and no. Unfortunately, we have a cholesterol “thermostat” that is genetic. We can make cholesterol from other fats, even if we don’t get it from the animal products that we eat.

  6. Who is at risk for High Cholesterol • 25% of Americans Risk factors •Obesity •Leading a sedentary lifestyle •Smoking •Consuming a high cholesterol, high fat diet •Hereditary factors • What should blood cholesterol levels be? • Good = <180 • Moderate risk = When 180-200 • High risk = anything over 200

  7. Can it be dangerous to lower your cholesterol too much?YES • Serotonin levels (depression) • Membrane make up • Hormone production (sex) • Nerve coverings

  8. What do LDL’s do? (Lousy) • Carries fats 60-70% of fats around body What do HDL’s do? (Helpful) transports cholesterol from cells back to the liver where they are either reused or converted to bile acids and disposed

  9. Who should worry about blood fat levels? People at risk or who have high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels • Everyone should have a ratio of cholesterol that ischolesterol:HDL5: 1 • Average male HDL = 45 • Average female HDL = 65 prior menopause; 45 after

  10. Examples Cholesterol HDL Ratio 225 45 5:1 225 5 10:1 225 75 3:1 How to raise HDL and lower LDL’s Lower LDL – eating right, herbs, lifestyle change, and medication Raise HDL – foods, drugs, lifestyle changes (exercise, eating patterns) reduce alcohol intake

  11. Fats in our Diet! A. Saturated fat • Fatty Acid chains saturated with hydrogen • Animal fat, processed and fast foods • Solid at room temper (butter, lard) • Block entry of cholesterol into cells and triggers more LDL production (raises LDL and cholesterol level)

  12. B. Polyunsaturated fat • Fatty acid chain not filled with hydrogens • Fats in liquid form at room temperature • Ex. Vegetable oil (corn) • lower both HDL and LDL’s

  13. C. Monounsaturated fat • Best fats • Fats in liquid form • Ex. Canola oil (lowers LDL’s without lowering HDL’s)

  14. D. Trans fat • Vegetable oils converted to be a solid at room temperature • Margarine – worst dietary fats • Changes chemical structure of saturated fats by adding hydrogens (hydrogenated), increasing shelf life • Raises LDL’s and lowers HDL’s

  15. Saturated fats stimulate the liver to make more cholesterol • Unsaturated fats stimulates the liver to make less cholesterol

  16. Dietary Recommendations • Less than 30 % of your calories from fat • No trans fats • More monounsaturated (like olive oil) and less saturated (like animal fat and butter)

  17. Blood Information • Coagulation is blood clotting • How it works: • http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/tr/m1/s7/trm1s7_3.htm • http://www.dvt.net/preventionCenter/animations.aspx

  18. Blood Terminology • Blood Antigens are – A, or B, proteins on cells. • Blood Antibodies – anti- A or anti-B proteins in blood. • Agglutination is - when blood clumps due to antibody cross-linking. Problem: I. Stroke (interference of the blood supply to brain cells due to clogged arteries) • damage to brain cells http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200071.htm

  19. Blood Type

  20. Rh factor a. Rh+has protein b. Rh- Lacks protein c. Putting Rh+ into Rh- mother produces antibodies that attack the fetus' red blood cells because of Rh incompatibility d. Putting Rh- into Rh+ Nothing

  21. Universal donor = Type O blood • Universal recipient = Type AB blood I. Erythroblastosis fetalis • Rh incompatability

  22. Problems with Heart I. Heart attack • A heart attack (also known as a myocardial infarction) is the death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot II. Heart attack risk factors • Increase in age, Smoking, gender, heredity, high blood pressure or cholesterol, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, stress and too much alcohol • Animation: http://www.healthcentral.com/cholesterol/understanding-cholesterol-13-115.html • http://www.mydr.com.au/default.asp?article=4166

  23. Heart attack statistics (USA) • This year “515,204 deaths in the United States in 2000 (one of every 5 deaths)” (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4591 ) • Myocardial infarction (mi"o-KAR'de-al in-FARK'shun) (acute heart attack) -- 7,600,000. • This year an estimated 1.1 million Americans will have a new or recurrent coronary attack.

  24. III. Rheumatic fever (bacterial infection) • Causes damage to the heart valves Deaths due to circulatory system • In 1996, the age-standardized mortality rate due to all other diseases of the circulatory system was 61 deaths per 100,000 population. • http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/82-221-XIE/01201/high/othercirc.htm • Risks heart attack vs. stroke • Cardiac Risk Index

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