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Subcategories: Pronouns

Subcategories: Pronouns . Lec . 4. Pronouns, lexical or functional categories?. The group of pronouns has the properties of both lexical & functional categories . Pronouns vs. other nouns. Nouns . Pronouns . John ate the waffle The TV was annoying Susan and Frank

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Subcategories: Pronouns

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  1. Subcategories: Pronouns Lec. 4

  2. Pronouns, lexical or functional categories? • The group of pronouns has the properties of both lexical & functional categories

  3. Pronouns vs. other nouns Nouns Pronouns • John ate the waffle • The TV was annoying Susan and Frank • George’s coat was shredded at the cleaners • He ate the waffle • The TV was annoying them • His coat was shredded at the cleaners

  4. Pronouns vs. other nouns Allowed Not allowed • He left • Peter kissed him • Peter left • Erin kissed Janet • *The him • *Big him • *Hims

  5. Pronouns vs. other nouns • In some ways, pronouns are like other nouns. They can appear in subject and object positions just like nouns, but in other situations they are different. • Subcategories are subtypes of larger categories. So nouns are a category, and pronouns are a subcategory of nouns.

  6. Feature Notation • We can indicate a subcategory with a feature structure. • Feature structuresare notations associated with a word to indicate the properties of a word. • Features are indicated between square brackets • E.g. Dog [CATEGORY N]

  7. Example • He CATEGORY N SUBCAT + D We need to add further features: CASE, AGR – φ GEND, NUM, PERS

  8. example • He CATEGORY N SUBCAT + D CASE Nom GEND masc AGR – φ NUM sg PERS 3

  9. example • You CATEGORY N SUBCAT + D CASE Poss AGR – φ GEND masc NUM sg PERS 2

  10. Exercise • Him CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

  11. Exercise • She CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

  12. Exercise • I CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

  13. Exercise • Our CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

  14. Exercise • Her CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

  15. Reflexive pronouns • Reflexive pronouns or anaphors end in –self or –selves. • E.g. I saw myself He saw himself She saw herself We saw ourselves They saw themselves *I saw herself *you saw myself *he saw themselves

  16. Exercise • himself CATEGORY N SUBCAT + D + R CASE AGR – φ GEND masc NUM sg PERS 3

  17. Exercise • ourselves CATEGORY CASE AGR – φ GEND NUM PERS

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