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Southwest Culture Area

Southwest Culture Area. The Anasazi. ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP. The Anasazi. Ancestors of the Pueblo People. Anasazi bowl. Town Dwellers. Anasazi. “Anasazi” – a Navajo word Pre-Columbian Civilization ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP ? disappearance ?. Chetro Ketl. Cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde.

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Southwest Culture Area

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  1. Southwest Culture Area The Anasazi ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP

  2. The Anasazi Ancestors of the Pueblo People Anasazi bowl

  3. TownDwellers Anasazi • “Anasazi” – a Navajo word • Pre-Columbian Civilization • ca. 2100 BP and 700 BP • ? disappearance ? Chetro Ketl Cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde

  4. Anasazi and Pueblo • Ancestors to contemporary Puebloan peoples • “ethnographic analogy” • Why such change? • Transitioned into smaller-scale society

  5. Economy / Subsistence Corn cribs • Farming • Three sisters • “Dry farming” • Corn • Intensive processing and preparation • Evidence of extreme arthritis Mano and Metate

  6. Social Organization • Matrilineal • Lineage elders held significant power • Elder : Chief • Kinsmen pay tribute • Work collectively • Surplus • Elaborate ritual etc.

  7. RoadsEvidence of extensive trade, or something else? • social organization / stratification • Trade routes (?) • Religious/Political service (?) • Both (?) • Regulation • Valley of Mexico (?) • Turquoise • Obsidian (?)

  8. Theocracy • Rule by priests • Calendric rituals • “Time keepers” • Chiefs & Priest = upper stratum of society • Tribute Astronomy • Architectural features suggest observatories • Prior to architectural forms, natural features were used to mark passage of sun or celestial objects • Timing and scheduling • Control the calendar – control the society

  9. Cosmology • Layered universe • Upper world is permanent • sacredness is to transport between worlds • Sipapu – opening • Four worlds • Each ends in catastrophe • 4th (present) world

  10. Kachinas • Emerge from 3rd world via sipapu • Not “dolls” but masked figures • Represent sacred beings • kachina figurines • assist memory Kachina in rock painting?

  11. Ritual: Calendric • return of the sun after solstice • rainy summer season. • Hopi snake dance • Anasazi not exactly the same, but quite similar to modern Pueblo peoples.

  12. Rock Art Kokapelli and Friends Hunting Magic?  hands 6-toed feet  Sacred contact? Sipapu?

  13. Kiva • Provides point of contact • Emergence of sacred beings • Sipapu • Originally humans re-emerge after death • Coyote covered it up. Anasazi kiva (reconstruction) Kiva at Chaco Canyon

  14. Kiva-archaeology • “Basketmaker” phase lived in “pit houses” • many groups continued to live in pit houses. • Anasazi developed pueblo-style housing • retain kivas as ritual space

  15. KivaGender and Society • Secular as well as Sacred space • Two sacred periods • winter and summer • Remaining secular periods • “men’s club.” • foster solidarity among adult men • Some women allowed on occasion • uncommon • Women of childbearing age generally kept out.

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