Digital Electronics

1. Digital Electronics Logic Families TTL and CMOS

2. Logic Families Competencies 61. Without references the student will state what the acronym TTL stands for with 100% accuracy. 62. Without references the student will state the voltage levels acceptable to a TTL input for a logic “0” and a logic “1” with 100% accuracy. 63. Without references the student will state what the acronym CMOS stands for with 100% accuracy. 64. Without references the student will state the voltage levels acceptable to a CMOS input for a logic “0” and a logic “1” with 100% accuracy. 65. Without references, the student will list three differences between the TTL and CMOS logic families with 100% accuracy. 66. Without references the student will state what the acronym ECL stands for with 100% accuracy.

3. Logic Families Vocabulary TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) Integrated-circuit technology that uses the bipolar transistor as the principal circuit element. CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Integrated-circuit technology that uses the field-effect transistor as the principal circuit element. ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic) Integrated-circuit technology that uses the bipolar transistors configured as a differential amplifier. This eliminates saturation and improves speed but uses more power than other families.

4. DIODE TRANSISTOR LOGIC

9. Input Output TTL Voltage Profiles Chart LOW GND - 0.8V GND - 0.4V (0.1V typical) 2.4 - 5.5V (3.5V typical) HIGH 2.0 - 5.5V LOGIC LEVELS / NOISE MARGIN • Voltage characteristic - defines logical 0 (LOW) or logical 1 (HIGH) • Noise immunity (noise margin)- logic circuit’s insensitivity or resistance to undesired voltages called “noise.”

10. INPUT VOLTAGE PROFILES- TTL AND 4000 SERIES CMOS Input Voltage Profiles TTL CMOS 100% +5V +10V 90% 80% HIGH 70% HIGH 60% 50% CAUTION Output V profile differs Other families V profile differs LOW 0 to +3V for CMOS 0 to +0.8V in TTL HIGH +7V to +10V - CMOS +2V to +5V - TTL Undefined +3 to +7V for CMOS +0.8V to +2.0V for TTL Undefined logic probe reading may vary depending on manufacturer 40% 30% 20% 10% LOW LOW 0% GND

11. Input = +4V Output = ? ? H H Input = +0.3V Output = ? Input = +1.2V Output = ? Input = +2.2V Output = ? ? ? Low Low TEST TTL Voltage Profiles INPUT OUTPUT +5V +2V +0.8V GND +5V +2.4V +0.4V GND Undefined HIGH LOW HIGH ? ? (Left mouse click for questions and answers)

12. OTHER DIGITAL IC SPECIFICATIONS • Drive Capabilities- sometimes referred to as fan-in or fan-out. • Fan out- number of inputs of a logic family that can be driven by a single output. The drive capability of outputs. • Fan in- the load an input places on an output. • Propagation delay- has to do with the “speed” of the logic element. Lower propagation delays mean higher speed which is a desirable characteristic. • Power Dissipation- generally, as propagation delays decrease, power consumption and heat generation increase. CMOS is noted for low power consumption.

13. MOS AND CMOS ICs • MOS stands for metal-oxide semiconductor. • PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS are three technologies used to manufacture ICs. • NMOS stands fornegative-channelmetal-oxidesemiconductor.NMOS ICs are faster than PMOS. • PMOS stands forpositive-channelmetal-oxidesemiconductor. • CMOS stands forcomplementarymetal-oxidesemiconductor. Both PMOS and NMOS devices are used it its manufacture. • CMOS ICs are noted for exceptionally low power consumption. • CMOS ICs were slower than bipolar digital ICs (such as TTL devices). • Transmission gates or bilateral switches are unique digital devices created using CMOS technology.

14. TEST 1. The drive capability of logic device outputs is sometimes called ___ (fan in, fan out). It is the number of inputs of a logic family that can be driven by a single output. Fan Out 2. CMOS devices are noted for their extremely ___ (high, low) power consumption. Low 3. A logic device with a low propagation delay would be considered to be a ___ (high, low) speed device. High 4. Several desirable characteristics of logic devices are good drive capabilities, low power consumption, and ___ (high, low) propagation delays. Low (Left click mouse for questions and answers)

15. MOSFET METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS P-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT N-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT TO TURN ON GATE MUST BE LOWER THAN SOURCE TO TURN ON GATE MUST BE HIGHER THAN SOURCE

16. MOSFET METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

17. CMOS COMPLIMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

18. CMOS COMPLIMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR

19. ECL EMITTER COUPLED LOGIC