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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 II. The Religious-Political Fusion III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98

I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 II. The Religious-Political Fusion III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98 IV. Eastern Europe V. The Austrian Habsburgs and the Thirty Years’ War. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 A. Western Europe England and France

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I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 II. The Religious-Political Fusion III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98

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  1. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 II. The Religious-Political Fusion III. Wars of Religions: 1556–98 IV. Eastern EuropeV. The Austrian Habsburgs and the Thirty Years’ War Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 • A. Western Europe • England and France • 100 Years’ War (1337–1453) • Joan of Arc • 1429 — Orléans • Impact • England • > Wars of the Roses (1455–85) • > Tudor Dynasty • Henry VII (1485–1509) • France • Division > nationalism • Louis XI (1461–83)

  3. I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500 • (A. Western Europe) • Spain: Ferdinand and Isabella • 1479 Castile and Aragon joined • Inquisition • > persecution of converses • > Sephardim • Reconquista • achieved, 1492 • Portugal • Avis dynasty • Prince Henry the Navigator • (1394–1460) • Ceuta, 1411

  4. C. Catholic Frontier • Poland — Piasts (895–1306) • Bohemia — Premyslids (895–1306) • Hungary — Arpads (896–1310) • Universities: Prague, Krakow, Pecs • 14th Century, dynasties end • threatened from all sides • Prussia • Teutonic knights, 1225 • Prus killed • Kaliningrad founded • Bohemia, 1356, king > elector • Czech leader • John Zizka • Hungary • János Hunyadi, Mathias Corvinus • Mohacs, 1526, defeated by Ottomans • I. Politics in an Age of Crisis, 1300–1500B. Central Europe, 1300–1521 • Holy Roman Empire • 1273, Habsburgs • Golden Bull, 1356 • autonomy of nobles • Marriages • Maximilian I and Maria of Burgundy • > Philip I • Philip I and Juana • > Charles • Charles (1516–56) • Switzerland • 1305, Independence • Italy • condottieri, mercenaries • Treaty of Lodi, 1454

  5. II. The Religious-Political Fusion • A. Protestant Politics • Scmalkaldic League — Lutherans • B. England’s Break with Rome • Henry VIII (1509–47) • C. Calvinists • John Calvin, Geneva

  6. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 • A. Motives • religion • kings v. nobles • B. Spanish Habsburg Dominance • Division of Empire: • Philip II (1556–1598) • Naples, Sicily, Netherlands, Spain, Empire • Ferdinand: Austria, Bohemia, Hungary • Cortes

  7. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 • C. Revolt in the Netherlands • (= Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland) • Margaret of Parma (1522–86) regent for Philip • 1566 — “Calvinist Fury” • Duke of Alva • to Netherlands • William of Orange (1533–84) • Pacification of Ghent, 1579 • unite against Philip

  8. III. Wars of Religion, 1556–1598 • D. Religious Wars in France • 1559, Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis • Charles (1560–74) • Catherine de Medici • 1561–1593 — Religious wars • 1572— Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Eve • Henry of Navarre, king, 1589 • Edict of Nantes • III. Wars of Religion, 1556–98 • E. Elizabethan England, 1588–1603 • Lollards • Mary Stuart • John Knox (1505–72) • 1579, revolt • Ireland • James Maurice, 1569 — revolts • F. Philip II • Alliance with Pope > Holy League • Lepanto — victory over Ottomans, 1571 • 1581— Dutch declaration of independence • 1588 — Armada to Flanders

  9. IV. Orthodox Europe: Russian Consolidation and • Ottoman Expansion • A. Russian Autocracy • Ivan III • Ivan IV (1533–84) • reforms • zemski sobor • boyars — nobles • oprichniki • Fedor • Boris Godunov, boyar • dies, 1598 — end of Ruriks • > Godunov acclaimed • Romanovs • Code of 1649 — serfdom • B. The Balkans • from 1345, Ottomans into Europe • 1389 — Kosovo • Murad I v. Serbians, Bosnians • 1453— Constantinople • Millet system • Devshirme system

  10. V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty Years’ War • Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) • A. Thirty Years’ War — First Phases • Bohemian Phase (1618–25) • Ferdinand II C • Bohemians Nobles — P • Defenestration of Prague, 1618 • attack on Ferdinand’s councilors • > Battle of the White Mountain, 1620 • Danish Phase (1625–29) • Christian IV (1588–1648) — P • 1624 — invades Germany • Albert von Wallenstein v. Protestants • victory by 1629 • 1629 — Edict of Restitution

  11. V. The Austrian Habsburgs & The Thirty Years’ War • B. Later Phases • Swedish Phase (1630–35) • Gustavus Adolphus (1611–32)—P • 1630— invasion of Germany • 1635 — Peace of Prague • French Phase (1635–48) 1643 — Rocroi • French defeat Spanish • 1648 — Treaty of Westphalia • C. The Peace of Westphalia • Edict of Restitution nullified

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