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Focus on family planning, infectious disease control

Figure 1. Stages of Health, Nutrition, and Demographic Change. Demographic Transition. Epidemiologic Transition. Nutrition Transition. High fertility/ mortality. High prevalence infectious disease. High prevalence undernutrition. Reduced mortality, changing age structure.

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Focus on family planning, infectious disease control

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  1. Figure 1. Stages of Health, Nutrition, and Demographic Change Demographic Transition Epidemiologic Transition Nutrition Transition High fertility/ mortality High prevalence infectious disease High prevalence undernutrition Reduced mortality, changing age structure Receding pestilence, poor environmental conditions Receding famine Focus on family planning, infectious disease control Focus on famine alleviation/prevention Nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases predominate Reduced fertility, aging Chronic diseases predominate Focus on healthy aging spatial redistribution Focus on medical intervention, policy initiatives, behavioral change Source: Popkin (2002). Pub. Health Nutr 5.

  2. Figure 2. Stages of the Nutrition Transition Urbanization, economic growth, technological changes for work, leisure, & food processing, mass media growth Pattern 1 Paleolithic man/ Hunter-gathers Pattern 2 Settlements begin/ Monoculture period/ Famine emerges Pattern 3 Industrialization/ Receding Famine Pattern 4 Noncommunicable Disease Pattern 5 Desired societal/ Behavioral Change • Reduced fat, increased • fruit, veg, CHO, fiber • Increase water, Reduce • caloric beverage intake • Replace sedentarianism • w/ purposeful activity • Wild plants & animals • water • Labor intensive • Cereals dominate • water • Labor-intensive • Starchy, low variety, • low fat, high fiber • water • Labor-intensive • work job/home • Increased fat, sugar, • processed foods • caloric beverages • Shift in technology of work and leisure Lean & robust, high disease rate Nutritional deficiencies emerge, stature declines MCH deficiencies, weaning disease, stunting Obesity emerges, range of other NR-NCD’s Reduced body fatness, Reduced NR-NCD’s Low fertility, Low life expectancy High fertility, high MCH mortality,low life expectancy Slow mortality decline Accelerated life expectancy, shift to increased DR-NCD, increased disability period Extended health aging, reduced DR-NCD Source: Popkin 2002 revised 2006.

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