Infectious Disease

1. Unit 3 Infectious Disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Words To know Infectious Disease : disease caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another Communicable Disease : an infectious disease that is passed from one person to another Microorganisms : a living thing that can be seen only with a microscope Pathogens : any agent that causes diseases 2 most common pathogensOther Pathogens 1. Bacteria - fungi 2. Viruses - protists - parasitic worms

3. Bacteria • A type of microorganism that can cause disease, majority are harmless • Can kill bacteria with antibiotics Types of Bacteria (common) • Strep throat • Food/water poisoning • urinary-tract infection • sinus infection • Tuberculosis

4. Virus • A microscopic disease causing particle consisting of genetic material and a protein coat • Attacks and kills living cells to make new viruses • NO CURE Types of viruses (common) • mononucleosis - measles • hepatitis - common cold • influenza - chicken pox • HIV & AIDS - cold sores

5. Other pathogens • Types of Fungi • athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm • Types of Protists • one cell organism (malaria, west nile) • Types of Parasitic Worms • tapeworm, liver fluke (snails), trichinosis (from pigs - pork foods)

6. How are Infectious Diseases Spread? 1. Through the air 2. Contact with Contaminated Objects 3. Person to person 4. Food and Water 5. Animal Spreading Diseases • From infectious and/or communicable diseases the body will either have an infection or a disease.

7. Defenses Against Infection Ways our body copes with infection: • Skin • Chemical Warfare on Germs • Mucus Membranes • Stomach Acids • Helpful Microorganisms • Your Immune System

8. Your Immunity • Protection against developing a certain disease. • Immune system – protects body from disease • Immunization – injection of a small amount of a pathogen that will provide protection against an infections disease • Antibiotics – drugs that kill or limit the growth of bacterial not viruses.

9. How the Immune System Works • Pathogens – any agent that enters the body • Macrophage – first attacks and activates Helper T • Helper T cells – regulates the actions of T Cells • Killer T cells – kills or neutralizes pathogens • B cells – recognizes the size & produce antibodies 6. Antibodies – sticks to the pathogen & slows action 7. Suppressors T cells – turns off immune system • Memory T cells – recognizes agent & immediately attacks

10. Trends in Sexual Risk Behaviors Among High School Students • Each year 3 million cases of STD in teens in U.S. • Each year 1 million U.S. teens get pregnant • HIV infection is the 6th leading cause of death among 15-24 y/o • Unprotected sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners is risky for HIV, STD, and pregnancy • One out of six college girls are raped. Mostly “date rape” & they know their victims.

11. What’s Happening in Georgia • Georgia, like the rest of the Southeast, has some of the highest rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections (STDs/STIs) in the country. • According to the CDC, in 2012 Georgia was ranked: • 8th Highest in the U.S.for chlamydia with a rate of 534 per 100,000 • 5th Highest in the U.S.for gonorrhea with a rate of 156.1 per 100,000 • 1st in the U.S.for primary and secondary syphilis with a rate of 9.5 per 100,000 • Cobb County Public Health - 2012

12. Sexual Activities + Depression = Suicide Motivation for Abstinence • personal goals • Concerned about risks (reward pleasure) • Personal/Religious Beliefs (values) - Parents’ influence

13. How many STD’s are there? • 1974 – 2 STD’s (gonorrhea & syphilis) • 2004 – 20 different STD’s • 2012 – 27 (3 new bacterial STD’s)

14. In the United States, about 85% of all sexually transmitted diseases occur in persons between the ages of 15 - 30.

15. Ways to Get an STD • Vaginal, Anal, or Oral Sex • Contamminated Needles • Tattoos • Piercing

16. 2 Most Common STD • Chlamydia (Bacteria - curable) • Genital Warts (HPV) (virus – non-curable)

17. Fact Sheet (open link below) American Teens' Sexual and Reproductive Health May 2014

18. Through the Years • Started out as VD (venereal disease) - Syphilis oldest VD • STD (Sexual Transmissible Disease) • STD (Sexual Transmitted Diseases) • Today: STI (Sexual Transmitted Infection)

19. Types of STDs Type: Gonorrhea Cause: Bacteria Signs/Symptoms: often no signs/symptoms; heavy yellowish discharge Treatment: Antibiotic

20. Gonorrhea/Bacterial Often called the CLAP Penis was clapped between 2 hands to push out the infection

21. Type: PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: painful sexual intercourse; uterine bleeding; urinary problems • Treatment: Powerful antibiotics • Type: Chlamydia • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; difficulty urinating; discharge • Treatment: Antibiotics

22. Type: Genital herpes • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: usually no signs/symptoms; painful blisters on cervix or penis • Treatment: No Cure

23. Type: Syphilis • Causes: Bacteria • Signs/Symptoms: 1st sign – small red bumps called chancre; 2nd rash/moist sores in genital areas; 3rd (final stage) blindness, paralysis, or death • Treatment: Antibiotics

24. Type: Trichomoniasis • Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus • Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge • Treatment: Antibiotics • Type: Genital Warts (Human Papilloma Virus) • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: Warts in the genital or anal area • Treatment: No Cure

25. Type: Vaginitis • Causes: Bacteria that can turn into a virus • Signs/Symptoms: painful urination; discharge • Treatment: Antibiotics depending on cause • Type: Hepatitis B • Causes: Virus • Signs/Symptoms: flu like symptoms; dark urine; yellowish skin • Treatment: No Cure

26. Type: Pubic Lice • Causes: Parasitic • Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area • Treatment: Medicated lotions & shampoo • Type: Scabies • Causes: Parasitic • Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in genital area, under breast, armpits, between fingers • Treatment: Medicated lotions & shampoo

27. Penicillin • Common antibiotic used to treat many bacterial STD’s