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NORTHERN IRELAND

NORTHERN IRELAND. Presently,. UK. An independent country. HISTORY OF N.I. United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland UK : BRITAIN England, Scotland, Wales and N.I. Let’s tour Britain. HISTORY OF N.I. Before 12 th century In the 12 th century 1690 1800. 12 TH CENTURY.

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NORTHERN IRELAND

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  1. NORTHERN IRELAND

  2. Presently, UK An independent country

  3. HISTORY OF N.I. • United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland • UK : BRITAIN England, Scotland, Wales and N.I. • Let’s tour Britain.

  4. HISTORY OF N.I. • Before 12th century • In the 12th century • 1690 • 1800

  5. 12TH CENTURY • Before 12th century • N.I. & Republic of Ireland = IRELAND • In the 12th century • Ireland conquered and colonised by England Colonised!

  6. 1690 (17th CENTURY) • King James II of England, a Catholic • Forced to flee to north of Ireland. Why? • Because he failed to force Catholicism on the Protestants in England • There, he tried to defeat the locals • New King of England, William of Orange PROTESTANT arrived in north of Ireland and defeated King James • Battle of Boyne • King William remains a hero to Protestants to this day

  7. King James II: The Protestant do not accept Catholism. I have to flee. King William: I cannot allow this to happen. I’m bringing my men to go to north of Ireland to fight.

  8. Battle of Boyne King William crossing the river

  9. 17th CENTURY • 17TH century : England ruled Ireland • English landlords in Ireland • brought in Protestant Scottish and English settlers • To increase Protestant population there • Newcomers – settled in northern part of Ireland • Pushed out many local Irish Catholic farmers • Those Irish Catholics who stayed behind given least fertile lands • Northern part of Ireland thus became mainly Protestant

  10. Let me bring you over.

  11. 19th CENTURY • For years, Catholic Irish fought against Protestant Scottish and English settlers without success • 1800 : Ireland became part of UK • Hostilities between Catholics and Protestants did not end • Late 1800s : some local Irish demanded HOME RULE(like our concept of self-government) • Fighting often broke out

  12. 20th CENTURY • 1921 : Ireland divided into two separate parts • Based on majority religion of each part • Northern part PROTESTANT became known as NORTHERN IRELAND – remained part of UK • Southern part CATHOLIC became known as IRISH FREE STATE • Both had own Parliaments • But continued to recognise English monarchy and laws regarding foreign affairs • 1949 : Irish Free State cut ties with Britain • Became the REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

  13. 1921 1949 Irish Free State

  14. PEOPLE IN N.I. TODAY • 1993 : 1,000,000 Protestants • Mostly of English and Scottish origin • 600,000 Catholics • Mostly descendants of local Irish inhabitants

  15. THE N.I. GOVERNMENT • Since 1972 • Ruled directly by the British Parliament in London • British PM chooses a Secretary of State MINISTER for N.I. • N.I. Government in charge of finance, commerce, health and education • Britain in charge of foreign affairs and defence • Majority of ministers in N.I. Are Protestants

  16. THE PROTESTANT-CATHOLIC TENSION • Divided Loyalties • The Education System • Employment • Housing • Voting

  17. 1. DIVIDED LOYALTIES • In N.I. Most protestants regard themselves as British • Want the country continued as part of UK • Many afraid of union with the Republic of Ireland, a Catholic country • A Catholic government would not be tolerant of Protestant beliefs

  18. 1. DIVIDED LOYALTIES • Catholics in N.I. See themselves as Irish • Want to be united with Ireland • Resent past history of English conquest • Many Catholics massacred or treated harshly • Remembered long struggle for Home Rule

  19. 1. DIVIDED LOYALTIES • Protestants – celebrate battle of Boyne as a mark of protestant dominance • Usually march through Catholic residential areas • This sense of loyalty to different countries make them intolerant of each other

  20. Pause and Ponder • Go to your worksheet. • Under the factor ‘Divided Loyalties’, answer the following questions

  21. 2. UNEQUAL ALLOCATION OF HOUSING • Grievance : Provision of public housing by city councils PARTLY PAID FOR BY GOVT • Councils comprise largely Protestants • Catholics often delayed in getting public housing • 1968 : 71% of local houses in Dungannon given to Protestants but 53% of the people there were Catholics

  22. 2. UNEQUAL ALLOCATION OF HOUSING 2. HOUSING • Catholics frustrated – shortage of houses means they have to wait many years before getting own house • Thus find provision of housing unfair

  23. Pause and Ponder • Complete worksheet on ‘unequal allocation of housing’

  24. 3. UNEQUAL EMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIES • Competition for jobs • Catholics – feel that they do not have an equal chance of getting the jobs they want, even if they’re as qualified as the Protestants

  25. 3. UNEQUAL EMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIES 3. EMPLOYMENT • 1971 : Population survey • Catholics males 2 ½ times more likely to be jobless than Protestants males • No of Catholic engineers and civil servants – not proportionate to their numbers in N.I. • Fewer Catholics in senior positions in public and private sectors

  26. Pause and ponder • Complete worksheet on unequal employment opportunity

  27. 4. LACK OF VOTING RIGHTS • Before 1968 : Voting rights a problem • Each household – 2 votes • Companies • entitled to more votes • depended on size • Many companies owned by richer Protestants – thus had more votes • Voting districts often drawn to include a larger proportion of Protestants • Catholics were of course unhappy about this

  28. 4. LACK OF VOTING RIGHTS • Since 1969 : Everyone entitled to one vote • Must be a British subject and above 18 years old • Had to be born in N.I. • Or lived in UK for 7 years • Voting districts redrawn to ensure fairness

  29. 4. LACK OF VOTING RIGHTS • Voting rights no longer a problem today • But conflicts persist because other issues such as housing and employment not addressed

  30. Pause and Ponder • Complete worksheet on lack of voting rights

  31. 2. EDUCATION SYSTEM • Today, public schools are catered for Protestants only • Private schools that cater for CatholicsPARTLY FUNDED BY GOVERNMENT

  32. PROTESTANT CHILDREN Taught British history Play British sports – rugby, hockey, cricket Very loyal to Britain 2. EDUCATION SYSTEM • CATHOLIC • CHILDREN • Taught Irish history • Play Irish sports – hurling • Taught Irish language and culture • Regard Britain as a foreign country

  33. 2. EDUCATION SYSTEM • Mixed schools • Set up by private individuals • Not as popular, only 5% of school population • Result : Protestant and Catholic children rarely get to meet and know each other • Generations grow up to distrust each other • Makes them hostile to each other

  34. Separate residential area • Catholics and Protestants have been living in separate areas. • 1991 census, 63% of the population lived in areas that were predominantly Catholic or Protestant. • In 2001, this percentage has risen to about 66%

  35. Pause and Ponder • Complete worksheet

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