Fig. 14-CO, p. 379

1. Fig. 14-CO, p. 379

2. Fig. 14-1a, p. 382

3. Fig. 14-1b, p. 383

4. Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

5. Net of nylon or Dacron mesh Net bucket Bridles Clamp Cable Net ring Weight Plankton net fabric as seen under a microscope Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

6. Fig. 14-2b, p. 383

7. Fig. 14-3, p. 384

8. Fig. 14-4, p. 385

9. Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Fishes Microciliates microflagellates Zooplankton Decomposition, wastes Copepod Cyanobacteria Phytoplankton Wastes, decomposition Diatom Dinoflagellate Prochlorococcus Synechococcus Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients Fig. 14-4, p. 385

10. Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Microciliates microflagellates Zooplankton Cyanobacteria Phytoplankton Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients Fishes Decomposition, wastes Copepod Wastes, decomposition Diatom Dinoflagellate Prochlorococcus Synechococcus Stepped Art Fig. 14-4, p. 385

11. Fig. 14-5a, p. 386

12. Fig. 14-5b, p. 386

13. Fig. 14-5c, p. 386

14. Fig. 14-6a, p. 387

15. Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

16. Inner valve Outer valve Cross section of diatoms New valves forming Diatom Auxospore formation b Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

17. Fig. 14-7a, p. 387

18. Fig. 14-7b, p. 387

19. Fig. 14-8a, p. 388

20. Fig. 14-8b, p. 388

21. Fig. 14-8c, p. 388

22. Fig. 14-9, p. 389

23. Buoy Pair 1 Clear bottle Opaque bottle Autotrophs in the opaque bottles cannot produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis. Autotrophs in the transparent bottles produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis and consume carbohydrates by respiration. Euphotic zone Pair 3 It's darker down here, and the amount of carbohydrates produced may equal the amount consumed. Pair 4 Pair 5 Disphotic zone It may be so dark here that little photosynthesis can occur; consumption of carbohydrates would exceed production. Weight Fig. 14-9, p. 389

24. Box 14-1a/b, p. 390

25. Box 14-1c, p. 391

26. Fig. 14-10, p. 392

27. Fig. 14-11, p. 393

28. (ft) (m) Surface 0 0 Photosynthesis inhibited here because of too much light Photosynthesis rate Net productivity Depth of greatest productivity Lower light levels restrict photosynthesis down here 100 Gross productivity (Position of bottle pair 3 in Figure 14.9) 50 200 Depth Compensation depth (respiration equals photosynthesis) (Position of bottle pair 4 in Figure 14.9) Bottom of euphotic zone 300 100 Respiration rate Oxygen minimum zone Fig. 14-11, p. 393

29. Fig. 14-12, p. 395

30. Fig. 14-13, p. 395

31. More More More Less Less Less Winter Winter Summer Winter Spring Summer Summer Spring Fall Spring Fall Fall a Tropical ocean b North Pacific c Northern polar Nutrients Phytoplankton Water temperature Fig. 14-13, p. 395

32. Fig. 14-14, p. 396

33. Fig. 14-15, p. 396

34. Fig. 14-16a, p. 397

35. Fig. 14-16b, p. 397

36. Fig. 14-16c, p. 397

37. Fig. 14-17, p. 397

38. Fig. 14-18a, p. 399

39. Stipe Gas bladder Blade Holdfast Fig. 14-18a, p. 399

40. Fig. 14-18b, p. 399

41. Fig. 14-19, p. 400

42. Kelp Mangrove Fig. 14-19, p. 400

43. Fig. 14-20, p. 401

44. Fig. 14-21, p. 401