Expanding Markets and Moving West

1. Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9

2. Resolving Territorial Disputes • Great Britain and the US held claim to the Oregon Territory, N. Maine & Minnesota • Webster-Ashburton Treaty: • Split Maine and Minnesota territory in ½. • Both still occupied Oregon Territory

4. 54°40' or FIGHT! • Polk campaigned for the Oregon Territory in the election of 1844 • 54°40' referred to the northern border of the Oregon Territory • Great Britain lost interest due to a decline in fur trade

5. 54°40' or FIGHT! • Polk campaigned for the Oregon Territory in the election of 1844 • 54°40' referred to the northern border of the Oregon Territory • Great Britain lost interest due to a decline in fur trade

6. The Oregon Border • In 1846, G.B. and U.S. agreed to the current border • They settled on the 49th Parallel because area North of the parallel was unsuited for farming.

7. Expansion in TEXAS • Mexico gained independence from Spain • Mexico had problems controlling Northern border • Land grants were sold to American settlers - $.13/acre • Brought security • Helped the economy • Forced to obey Mexican law • Must observe Roman Catholicism

8. Americans brought… • Brought security • Helped the economy • Forced to obey Mexican law • Must observe Roman Catholicism ….But soon outnumbered the Mexicans!

9. By 1930, American were no longer allowed to move to Texas and a tax was put on all goods! Problems in Texas • President Adams and Jackson attempted to purchase Texas from Mexico • Cultural differences became a problem • Language • Slavery (abolished in Mexico in 1829) • religion LAWS BECAME DIFFICULT TO ENFORCE

10. Conventions for Freedom • Convention of 1832 • called by Texans to ask for reforms towards Texas • Rejected by the Mexican government • Convention of 1833 • Drafted Constitution • Again, rejected

11. Texas Timeline • 1830 – No more Americans and tax on American goods • 1834 – Austin requests self-government • 1835 – “G.T.T.” • Gone to Texas (30,000 Americans) • 1835 – Texas Revolution

12. “The Alamo!” • Santa Anna takes 4000 man Army to San Antonio • Texas troops gathered at the Alamo • Davy Crockett • Mexican troops successfully attacked killing all defenders • March 1836 – Texas declared their independence

13. “Remember the Alamo!” • Battle cry for independence • Sam Houston led Texas to victory • Treaty of Velasco: granted independence to Texas – The LONE STAR REPUBLIC • Sam Houston made president of the Republic of Texas

14. Annex Texas? Northern View Southern View

15. Annex Texas? Northern View • Unbalanced slave/free states • War with Mexico • Southern View • Extension of Slavery

16. Annexation of Texas • Sam Houston invited the annexation of Texas • President Polk favored the westward expansion • 12/29/1845 – Texas became the 28th State

18. HOMEWORK • Complete Section 3 worksheets (2) • Identify or define the following (8): James Polk Zachary Taylor forty-niners gold rush Winfield Scott Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Bear Flag Republic

19. The War With Mexico Section 4

20. Polk Wants War With Mexico • Disputed Texas-Mexican border • Rio Grande or Nueces Rivers • Possibly acquire New Mexico and California territories

21. Purchasing Power • John Slidell to purchase CA and NM and make the Rio Grande River the southern border of Texas Rio Grande River

22. Purchasing Power • Mexico responds “NO” • US blockades the Rio Grande River John Slidell

23. US Violates Mexican Rights • US blockades the Rio Grande River • Exploration into California • Mexico sent soldiers across the border killing 11 US soldiers

24. Sectional Attitudes Towards War • South • Extend slavery • Increase power in Congress • North • Wilmot Proviso • Prohibited slavery in lands acquired by Mexico • Justification for war – Spot Resolution • Abraham Lincoln

25. US Declares War • “Spot Resolution” • Congress declares war • New Mexico falls with no shots fired • 1846 - California declares independence from Mexico as the Bear Flag Republic • US controls California

26. Victorious in Mexico • Invasion lasted 1 year • Led by General Taylor and Winfield Scott • Polk is fooled by Santa Anna

27. Victorious in Mexico • Invasion lasted 1 year • Led by General Taylor and Winfield Scott • Polk is fooled by Santa Anna

28. End of the War • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Rio Grande becomes southern border of Texas and NM & CA become part of the US • US pays $15 Million for Mexican cession (CA, NV, NM, UT, AZ, CO and WY) • Gadsden Purchase – southern border of AZ and NM

29. Gold Rush • Sutter Mill – found first gold • Many rushed to California – 49er’s • Outlawed slavery

30. Compare San Francisco

31. Election of 1848 • Martin Van Buren • Free Soil Party • Zachary Taylor • “Old Rough & Ready” • Whig • Lewis Cass • Democrat