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CHAPTER 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

CHAPTER 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West. Section 2-Manifest Destiny Section 3-Expansion in Texas Section 4-War with Mexico. Section 2-Manifest Destiny.

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CHAPTER 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

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  1. CHAPTER 9Expanding Markets and Moving West Section 2-Manifest Destiny Section 3-Expansion in Texas Section 4-War with Mexico

  2. Section 2-Manifest Destiny • Many Americans believed that the U.S. should extend its power all the way to the Pacific coast, in order to spread ideas of democracy and civilization. • During the 1840s, some Americans came to believe that the spread westward was destined and ordained by God. • These ideas came to be known as Manifest Destiny-America’s destiny to expand to the Pacific and into Mexico.

  3. Manifest Destiny An Allegorical Painting by John Gast 1872

  4. Americans moved west for a number of reasons: • Escape religious persecution (example: Mormons led by Brigham Young to Utah) • Find new trade markets and routes • Claim land • Locate new harbors • Seek employment • Spread democracy

  5. Two of the most important trails to the West were the Santa Fe Trail and the Oregon Trail.

  6. Section 3-Expansion in Texas • Before Americans started settling in Texas, both the local Indians and Mexicans continually fought over who controlled the territory. • After Mexico’s independence from Spain, they took control over the Southwest area of the U.S.

  7. During the 1820s, Mexico began offering land grants to Americans interested in settling in Texas. • If they agreed to obey Mexico’s laws and religion. • One of the most prominent American settlers was Stephen F. Austin, who began an American colony in Texas. • Each settler would receive 177 acres for farming or 4,428 acres for stock grazing, as well as a 10 year exemption from paying taxes. • By 1825 nearly 300 land grants had been issued.

  8. Between 1830 and 1834 the number of “Anglo” settlers to Texas doubled. • Mexico’s gov’t tried to seal the borders, but their efforts were in vain. • Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna imprisoned Austin, who argued for self-government for Texas. • Constant fighting led to the Texas Revolution and eventually the Republic of Texas was established. • In 1835 Santa Anna and his army defeated Texan troops at the Alamo. All 187 defenders died, including Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.

  9. In March of 1836 Santa Anna executed 300 Texans at Goliad. By April Texan troops led by Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna and his men at the battle of San Jacinto. • In 1845 Texas became the 28th state in the U.S.

  10. Section 4-War With Mexico • After the U.S. gained control of Texas in 1836, President James K. Polk wanted to gain more territory (New Mexico and California) by going to war with Mexico. • Zachary Taylor (“Old Rough and Ready”) was sent to blockade the Rio Grande, John C. Fremont was sent to explore the California province, and Stephen Kearny was sent to gain New Mexico.

  11. After gaining TX and CA from Mexico, the people of these territories declared independence. Forces led by Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, and Winfield Scott (“Old Fuss and Feathers”) invaded Mexico and captured the capital city.

  12. Before the war was over, it became evident that the issue of slavery would once again become a major problem. • Victory over Mexico would mean new territories and the questions of whether or not they should allow slavery. • PA Congressman David Wilmotput forth what was called the Wilmot Proviso. • This proviso, or condition, proposed banning slavery from any land purchased from Mexico. • Northern states liked the idea, but Southern states did not. • Congress decided not to approve this plan.

  13. Americans declared a Republic of California and signed the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo to establish the boundaries that the U.S. has today. • The Gadsden Purchase gave an additional $10 million to Mexico for the land.

  14. In 1848 James Marshall, working at Sutter’s Mill, discovered gold. • Soon after news reached San Francisco, residents traveled to pan for gold. • As word reached the east coast, thousands of forty-niners traveled to CA in the gold rush. • People would come from as far as Asia, South America, and Europe to look for gold. • By 1849 CA’s population exceeded 100,000.

  15. Another important piece of legislation was the Compromise of 1850. • This admitted CA to the Union as a free state and declared the unorganized western territories free as well. • The Utah and New Mexico territories were allowed to decide the issue by popular sovereignty (will of the people). • Attached to the compromise was a Fugitive Slave Law, which required anyone to return a fugitive slave to the South.

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