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Career Theories Two: Primary Assumptions of Developmental Theories

Career Theories Two: Primary Assumptions of Developmental Theories. Career development is a process Career choice is systematic More descriptive than explanatory Stages (related to age, all stages of life) Early choice impacts later choices. GINZBERG & ASSOCIATES (1950 ’ s).

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Career Theories Two: Primary Assumptions of Developmental Theories

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  1. Career Theories Two:Primary Assumptions of Developmental Theories • Career development is a process • Career choice is systematic • More descriptive than explanatory • Stages (related to age, all stages of life) • Early choice impacts later choices

  2. GINZBERG & ASSOCIATES (1950’s) Sample?

  3. 3 DISTINCT STAGES • 1)  Fantasy (before 11) • 2) Tentative (11-17) • 3) Realistic (17-young adult)

  4. Exploration Crystallization 3 stages within realistic Specification

  5. DEVIANT!!! • 2 POSSIBLE REASONS: • You’re ahead of the game. • You’re behind in the game.

  6. Circumscription and Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations LINDA S. GOTTFREDSON • Main Concepts: • Self-concept • Images of Occupations • Cognitive Maps of Occupations • Social Space/Zone of Acceptable Alternatives • Circumscription • Compromise

  7. Major determinant of occupational preferences Decision Made the progressive circumscription (narrowing) of aspirations during self-concept development

  8. What’s going on here!?! Orientation to… Size and power (3-5) Sex roles (6-8) Social valuation (9-13) Internal, unique self (14 and on) • Concrete thought process • Gender development influences self-concept • Introspective thinking; Greater self-awareness; Aspirations • Self-in-situation; Preferences for prestige level

  9. Cognitive Maps:Where do I fit in society? Job compatibility is assessed by self-image Each person’s map is unique Boundaries or tolerable limits Generally less willing to compromise job level/prestige and sex-type (versus interests). WHY?

  10. Cognitive Map Circumscription Circumscription of occupational aspirations according to one’s perceptions of job-self compatibility. This is an example of a hypothetical middle class boy of average intelligence.

  11.   COMPROMISE • Very significant; unique contribution • “Individuals discover, when the time comes, that they will be unable to implement their most preferred choices”. • What happens? We settle for a “good” choice.

  12. Preferences (Perceptions of job-self compatibility) Perceptions of job accessibility (opportunities & barriers) Range of Acceptable Alternatives (Perceived Social Space) Stimulus to name one occupational aspiration Self-Concept Gender Social Class Intelligence Interests, Values Occupational Images Sex-type Prestige Level Field of Interest Occupational Aspiration Relationship of Constructs

  13. Donald Super • Life-Span, Life-Space Approach to Careers Emphasis on Self-Concept 14 Propositions

  14. Sample Life Rainbow Notice the 5 stages of development z

  15. Sample Blank Rainbow

  16. Archway Model Keystone or decision maker Career stages • Learning theory = the cement that holds everything together • Interactions between everything as a person grows • Goal: help client see accurate picture of self and life roles. individual Environment

  17. Counseling Questions • What roles are you currently playing? (rainbow) • How do you expect &/or hope those will change in the next month, year, 5 years? • What impact will these changes have on your career? • Ask specific ?s about needs, etc., using Archway as a guide

  18. Developmental Models • Establish Client Individuality Discuss: Goals Action Already Taken Obstacles Feelings Assets for Securing Goals Learning Style Beliefs about Problem Resolution & Counseling Goal Impediments Identify and Select Strategies Teach and Aid Implementation Verifying Goal Achievement

  19. Bordin • The Psychodynamic Voice

  20. Main Theoretical Points Turning points = continuing search for self-fulfillment When carving out our identity, we want to incorporate aspects of Mom and Dad, while retaining unique aspects of self.

  21. Counseling approaches • Fantasy Imaginative Approaches Dreams Life Histories Metaphor Imaginative Approaches

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