Civil Rights Unit

1. Civil Rights Unit • SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement. • a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag. • b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and 1970s; include such events as the founding of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmesand Charlayne Hunter to the University of Georgia, Albany Movement, March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role of Lester Maddox. • c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia.

2. The White Primary Herman Talmadge Strict segregationist Expanded schools to include grades 1 – 12 Lengthened the school year to 9 months and raised standards • Set up after the Civil War • States could pass laws to decide who could vote in a primary election • Banned African-Americans from voting in primary elections • Ended by the King v. Chapman case which • Declared that these voting restrictions were unconstitutional

3. The Korean War 1950 – 1953 • Korea was divided after WWII • 38th parallel was line between communist North and democratic South • June 25, 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea • United Nations countries sent troops to assist South Korea • 25,000 Americans killed; 500 Georgians • Peace declared in July 1953; no winner • Many businesses benefited from doing business with the military bases and armed forces

4. Brown v. Board of Education • In 1950 Linda Brown tried to enroll in an all-white school and was denied • The NAACP helped her family sue the Board of Education • In 1954 the court struck down “separate but equal” concept • Schools were required to be integrated http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=D2XHob_nVbw

5. Describe the emotion seen in these pictures and explain how it would have felt to be in that crowd.

6. 1956 State Flag • included St. Andrew’s Cross, a Confederate battle emblem • African American’s angered by the reference to slavery • Seen as focusing on the past rather than the future • Damaged the tourist industry

7. The Sibley Commission SNCC: (snick) Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Biracial committee formed to study concerns of African Americans Used non-violent methods including sit-ins Involved in the 1961 Albany Movement Challenged segregated bus system in Albany, Georgia Nearly 500 people jailed in the boycotts/demonstrations - Including Dr. King • Many Georgia schools did not want to integrate • In 1955 the General Assembly voted to cut off state funds to any integrated schools • 1960 the General Assembly set up a 14 member assembly led by John Sibley to study integration • found that people would rather close the schools than integrate them • led to more private schools to avoid the issue

8. Integration of UGA • Charlayne Hunter – graduates from the school of journalism • becomes nationally known as a newspaper and television reporter • Hamilton Holmes – graduated with honors, practiced medicine as an orthopedic surgeon in ATL

9. End of the County Unit System 1962 • Georgia federal court ruled it violated the 14th amendment • Gave us “one person, one vote” • Power shifts from rural to urban • Gave black populated areas an equal opportunity • Leroy Johnson – first African-American state senator in Georgia since reconstruction

10. Civil Rights Act • Put forth by President John F. Kennedy in June 1963 • In August 1963, 250,000 people gathered in front of the Washington Monument • This is known as the “March on Washington” • They were demonstrating for its passage • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. made his “I have a dream” speech • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=0692DTwmY7A

11. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=3ank52Zi_S0

12. The Civil Rights Act Continued … • The act was passed in 1964 • It made it the segregation of any public facility illegal

13. Voting Rights Act - 1965 • 1964: Freedom Summer • Martin Luther King, Jr. and SNCC worked to get African Americans registered to vote • Selma-to-Montgomery, AL march led by Dr. King - Nearly 30,000 marchers • Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Prohibits any discrimination on voting Voter Registration Rates: 1965 / 2004

14. Benjamin Mays • President of Morehouse College in Atlanta • The ideas taught by Mayes became central to the language used by Martin Luther King, Jr. • Lester Maddox • Became governor of Georgia in 1967 • Had forcibly turned black activists who challenged segregation at the restaurant he had owned • Very popular with Georgians who supported segregation • Appointed more African Americans to state boards than all prior governors • Reformed state prisons • Integrated Georgia’s State Patrol

15. Andrew Young • An aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • Executive director of the SCLC • In 1972, won election to the U.S. House of Representatives • 1st African American from GA to be elected to Congress since the 1860’s • worked to get the 1996 Olympic Summer Games held in ATL • Maynard Jackson • Elected mayor of Atlanta in 1973 • 1st African American mayor of a major southern city • expanded MARTA and Hartsfield international Airport • worked to get the 1996 Olympic Summer Games held in ATL