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CIVIL RIGHTS

CIVIL RIGHTS. Chapter 21 Notes. The Triumphs of a Crusade. Civil Rights Act of 1875 —outlawed segregation in public facilities, but in 1883 Supreme Court ruled Unconstitutional Plessy V. Ferguson (1896) —“Separate but Equal” Brown V. Board (1954) —segregation in schools is unconstitutional.

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CIVIL RIGHTS

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  1. CIVIL RIGHTS Chapter 21 Notes

  2. The Triumphs of a Crusade • Civil Rights Act of 1875—outlawed segregation in public facilities, but in 1883 Supreme Court ruled Unconstitutional • Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)—“Separate but Equal” • Brown V. Board (1954)—segregation in schools is unconstitutional

  3. The Triumphs of a Crusade • Freedom Riders (1961)—rode busses through the South • Hoped to provoke violence • Finally, bus companies convinced the drivers to proceed to Montgomery, with Robert Kennedy’s promise of protection • Violence persisted…JFK sent U.S. marshals to protect the riders to Jackson, Mississippi • Banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities

  4. The Triumphs of a Crusade • James Meredith—allowed to enroll in all-white University of Mississippi • MLK, Jr. and SCLC were invited to help desegregate Birmingham, Alabama • Many were arrested and used other harsh tactics to break up protests • News cameras brought attention from around the country • Negative media coverage convinced officials to end segregation in Birmingham

  5. The Triumphs of a Crusade • JFK developed a civil rights bill that would guarantee equal access to all public facilities • SCLC leaders organized a march on Washington D.C. to persuade Congress to pass the bill • August 28, 1963 more than 250,000 • MLK’s “I Have a Dream” Speech • July 2, 1964 LBJ signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964—prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin and gender

  6. The Triumphs of a Crusade • Freedom Summer (1964)—project to register African-Americans to vote in Mississippi • 1965—SCLC conducted a voting rights campaign in Selma • In response to violence, MLK announced a 50-mile protest march from Selma to Montgomery (1965) • Voting Rights Act of1965—eliminated literacy tests and authorized federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level • 1964—10% to 1968—60%

  7. The Triumphs of a Crusade

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