Lesson 5

1. Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R

2. Background Information • U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945) • The conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, fascism in German, Japan and Italy

3. Background Information: • July 7. 1937 • Japan invaded Central China. • Sep. 1938 • Munich Pact, which sacrificed much of Czechoslovakia to Germany

4. Background Information: • Aug. 1939 • Russia-Germany non-aggression pact • Sept. 1, 1939 • German invasion of Poland • Sept. 3, 1939 • France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially beginning World War II

5. Background Information: • June 22, 1940 • France surrendered. • Aug-Oct. 1940 • The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900) • Jun 22. 1941 • German invasion of the Soviet Union.

6. I. Background Information: • Dec. 7, 1941 • Pearl Harbour • Sept. 1943 • the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy surrendered. • May 7. 1945 • Germany surrendered unconditionally. • Aug. 14, 1945 • Japan announced its surrender.

7. Background Information: • Adolph Hitler, (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National Socialist German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian. *image –1*（希特勒当年形象一张） • 1920 the Nazi Party • 1933 Chancellor

8. Background Information: • 1934 • the union of the presidency and chancellorship in Hitler's person, • the Führer • THE THIRD REICH

9. Background Information: • 1944 • an assassination attempt • April 29, 1945 • married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun • April 30, 1945 • committed suicide

10. Background Information: • MEIN KAMPT - My Struggle • Aryan's Superiority • Nazi: National sozialist • the National Socialist German Workers' Party • Elite Corps, black guards • 党卫军、黑衫党

11. Background Information: • GESTAPO: secret state police • BLITZ: lightning war • Swastika

12. Background Information: CHURCHILL Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965)（*image –2* 邱吉尔形象一张） May 1940 - May 1945 first tenure as P.M. Oct. 1951 - Jan. 1955 second tenure as P.M.

13. Background Information: 1953 knighted Sir Winston Churchill 1953 the Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 refusing the title of duke

14. Style • masterpieces of oration • highly persuasive and convincing • eloquent: forceful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning • emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passion

15. Rhetorical devices:   • Parallelism • Repetition • Periodic sentence • It is a truth • universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife. 

16. Rhetorical devices • Noun phrases: with great rapidity and violence • Imperative sentences:let us…, let us… • Inverted sentences: • News was brought to me…

17. Structural Analysis • Part I: a piece of narration • Background of the speech • Part II. the speech proper • an argument or persuasion • Section 1: The Nazi regime… horrors upon mankind… • Scenario on both sides of the border. • To arouse emotion.

18. IV. Structural Analysis • Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources. • What we should do. • Section 3: This is no time…life and power remain. • Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision.

19. Detailed Study of the Text 1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talk • speech: a public speech without regard to its quality, degree of preparation, the quality of its speaker or audience • General word

20. Detailed Study of the Text • address implies formality and careful preparation, and often gives emphasis to the importance of the speech. • The president is scheduled to deliver three addresses on his trip.

21. Detailed Study of the Text • oration: formal and solemn public speech. It suggests eloquence, rhetorical style, and usu. a dignified but sometimes high-flown or long-winded appeal to the emotions of a large audience or assembly.

22. Detailed Study of the Text • lecture: It often implies reading. It commonly designates a carefully prepared speech on a special topic intended to give information and instruction to a group of students.

23. Detailed Study of the Text • talk stresses informality. It may be used to designate either a lecture or an address when the speaker wishes to emphasize his desire to speak directly and simply to his audience as individuals.

24. Detailed Study of the Text • 2. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief  • Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty. • I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just. • His political convictions are radical.

25. Detailed Study of the Text • 3. certainty: the state of being definite or having no doubts • (here in the text) clearly established fact • It's a certainty that this horse will win in the race. • After three days, our victory became a certainty.

26. Detailed Study of the Text 5. lie: exist, be found, reside 6. presently: before long, shortly, soon 7. hasten: move fast cf: hurry Hasten implies urgent quickness while Hurry carries a strong implication of confusion and agitation.

27. Detailed Study of the Text • 10. surprise: attack suddenly and without warning • They surprised the enemy from the rear. • 11. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay on the ground • The ship grounded on a hidden sandbank in the shallow water. • grounded on the airfield: lying still on the airfield

28. Detailed Study of the Text • 14. round up: to gather together scattered animals, to collect together animals that are scattered • A cowboy / dog rounds up the cattle / sheep.

29. Detailed Study of the Text • 15. horde: a large number or crowd, throng • a horde of locusts • When a contemptuous term is desired, it is preferred to crowd and throng, esp, when implying rude, rough or savage character.

30. Detailed Study of the Text • 16. consult: to go to a person, a book for advice, information or opinion • The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions. • Have you consulted the doctor about your illness? • to consult a dictionary

31. Detailed Study of the Text • 17. issue:the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision • major issues of principle • the act of publishing or officially giving out or making available • Have you seen the latest issue of the magazine?

32. Detailed Study of the Text • be at issue: of importance • That is not the point at issue. • v: to produce, to provide officially • to issue an order / a statement • to issue a set of stamps 

33. Detailed Study of the Text • 18. count on: depend on, expect, take into account • If there is anything I can do, count on me. • I think we can count on Mr White to support us. • 19. enlist:win the support of, get the help or sympathy • Can I enlist your help in collecting the money for victims of the tsunami?

34. Detailed Study of the Text • 20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness • 21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make one's utmost effort • We will go all out to support the development of the west.

35. Detailed Study of the Text • 22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to • What he says of women is true of men. • People in cities have larger houses now, and the same is true of the living condition in the countryside.

36. Detailed Study of the Text • 24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about again • The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking. • Shall we revert to our previous topic? • 25. arch: principal, chief • arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, etc.

37. Detailed Study of the Text • 26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon: • Q: You are not doing sth. against your own beliefs, are you? • A: No, not at all.

38. Detailed Study of the Text • Rimmon:a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus. • Syrian Captain Naaman had leprosy. • His Israeli servant told Elisha, a prophet God. • Elisha told Naaman to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured.

39. Detailed Study of the Text • Naaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity. • But being a Syrian, he had to follow his King to worship in the House of Rimmon. • Elisha granted him permission to do so.

40. Detailed Study of the Text • bow down in the house of Rimmon: you do sth. outwardly with mental reservation  

41. Detailed Study of the Text • 27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that • Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation. • A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.

42. Detailed Study of the Text • cf: therefore: as a result; for that reason, so • I have never been to Africa and therefore I don't know much about it. • I think; therefore I am.（我思故我在） • It rained; therefore the game was called off.

43. Detailed Study of the Text 28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil spirit, the source of evil in the world. 29. reference: a piece of written information about sb.'s character, ability, esp. when he is looking for employment

44. Detailed Study of the Text • cf: • A testimonial is kinder than a reference because it is shown to the person it describes while a reference is truer because it is not shown to him. A recommendation is a letter or statement that speaks in favour or praise of sb. esp, when he is looking for a job.

45. Detailed Study of the Text • 31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that • He had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead. • A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties.

46. Detailed Study of the Text • 32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spoken) • 33. regime:a type or form of government, often derog. • a corrupt regime • He was tortured under the Saddam regime. • Under the old regime women could not vote.

47. Detailed Study of the Text • 34. feature: quality, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others • Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism. • The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.

48. Detailed Study of the Text • 35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of • He is complete devoid of human feelings. • The word “vacuum” refers to space entirely devoid of matter. • 36. theme: (Here in the text) basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea 

49. Detailed Study of the Text • 37. appetite: a strong desire to conquer • 38. racial domination: the state of having controlling power over the other races by the Aryan nation • Aryan’s superiority • racial equality / discrimination • racism / racist

50. Detailed Study of the Text • dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most important place or position • She completely dominates the family and makes all the decisions. • The dominant political party of the country is socialist.