Theorist: Robert M. Gagne

1. The Viewpoint and Persona of a Learning Theorist Past, Present, and Future Theorist: Robert M. Gagne By: John Uriarte EdTech 541

2. About the Project Robert M. Gagne In this PowerPoint, I am taking on the viewpoint and persona of Robert M. Gagne. The goal of this presentation is to try and picture what he would say about the past, present, and possible future vision of technology use in our schools.

3. About Robert M. Gagne • Robert Gagne was born in 1916 in North Andover, MA, received his BA from Yale • University in 1937, and earned a doctorate degree in experimental psychology • from Brown University in 1940. - He was an experimental psychologist. - He pioneered instructional design strategies. - He enormously impacted the development of contemporary educational technology. • Professionals in instructional design and technology know Dr. Gagne best • through his seminal book The Conditions of Learning. • A major contribution to the theory of instruction was the model "Nine Events of • Instruction". The following are the nine events: • 1. Gain attention 2. Inform learner of objectives 3. Stimulate recall of prior learning • 4. Present stimulus material 5. Provide learner guidance 6. Elicit performance • 7. Provide feedback 8. Assess performance 9. Enhance retention and transfer


4. Technology of the Past The technology of the past would include slide projectors, overhead projectors, film strips, TV’s, cassette tapes, chalkboards, textbooks, paper, typewriter, and pens with erasable ink. These were the tools educators had to help students learn. Gange would of use all of these tools or none of them depending on what needed to be taught and to whom he needed to teach. He believed that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these different types of learning. Gange would have accessed the learners and the information to be taught and applied his nine events of instruction.

5. Gagne Example of Technology in the Past Gagne is well known for training pilots for the air force during WWII so I will use this as my model for technology in the past, present, and future. • Gain Attention: Use film strips, slides, and pictures of pilots and airplanes. • Inform Learner of Objectives: Use overhead projector to let the pilots know what they will be learning. • Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning: Use film strips, slides, and pictures to show examples of how driving an automobile is similar and different from flying a plane. • Present Stimulus Material: Use a real plane for pilots to get in and look at. • Provide Learner Guidance: Use film strips, slides, pictures, and chalkboard to teach information to pilots. Have a trained pilot take them up in a plane and eventually let the untrained pilot take over with the trained pilot in the cockpit with them. • Elicit Performance: Pilot operates the plane on his/her own with experienced pilot observing him/her. • Provide Feedback: Experienced pilot provides a detailed report to the pilot. • Assess Performance: Have a written test and a flying test. • Enhance Retention and Transfer: Give pilots plenty of time to fly the plane.

6. Technology of the Present The technology of the present would include all of the technology from the past and also the internet, computers, word processors, DVD’s, software programs, simulations (video games), GPS, cell phones, iPod’s, white boards, smart boards, and LCD projectors. Gange would of use all of these tools or none of them depending on what needed to be taught and to whom he needed to teach. He believed that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these different types of learning. Gange would of accessed the learners and the information to be taught and applied his nine events of instruction.

7. Gagne Example of Technology in the Present • Gain Attention: Use DVD’s, movies, and simulations of airplanes flying. • Inform Learner of Objectives: Use an LCD projector, Internet, and computers to let the pilots know what they will be learning. • Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning: Use DVD’s, LCD projector, and computers to show examples of how driving an automobile is similar and different from flying a plane. • Present Stimulus Material: Use a real plane for pilots to get in and look at. • Provide Learner Guidance: Use videos, whiteboards, smart boards, LCD projector, Internet, and computers to teach information to pilots. Use a computer simulation for pilots to learn how to fly a plane. • Elicit Performance: Pilot uses simulation program first and then operates a plane on his/her own with experienced pilot observing him/her. • Provide Feedback: The simulation and the experienced pilot provide a detailed report to the student pilot. • Assess Performance: Take a test on the Internet, a test in the simulation airplane, and a flying test. • Enhance Retention and Transfer: Give pilots plenty of time to fly in the simulator and the plane.

8. Technology of the Future The technology of the future is going to be all on the Internet. We will no longer be buying software to install on our computers but paying to access them on the web. There will be no need for big hard drives because everything will be stored on a big server on the net. The simulations will be so real you won’t even know it’s not real. The iPhone will actually be a phone and a minicomputer that you can do all your work on instead of a laptop. Gange would of use all of these tools or none of them depending on what needed to be taught and to whom he needed to teach. He believed that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these different types of learning. Gange would of accessed the learners and the information to be taught and applied his nine events of instruction.

9. Gagne Example of Technology in the Future Airplanes will no longer has pilots inside. Instead, planes will be controlled by a pilot with a remote. • Gain Attention: Use simulations so real of remote controlled airplanes flying they won’t be able to tell if it is real or not. • Inform Learner of Objectives: Use an LCD projector, Internet and computers to let the pilots know what they will be learning. • Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning: Use DVD’s, LCD projector, computers and video games to show examples of how playing a video game is similar and different than controlling a plane with a remote control. • Present Stimulus Material: Use a remote control plane for pilots to look at and watch fly. • Provide Learner Guidance: Use videos, whiteboards, smart boards, LCD projector, Internet, and computers to teach information to pilots. Use a computer simulation for pilots to learn how to fly a plane with a remote. • Elicit Performance: Pilot uses simulation program first and then operates a plane on their own with the remote and an experienced pilot observing him/her. • Provide Feedback: The simulation and the experienced pilot provides a detailed report to the pilot. • Assess Performance: Take a test on the Internet, a test with the simulation airplane and a flying test. • Enhance Retention and Transfer: Give pilots plenty of time to use the simulator and the remote controlled plane.

10. References - Google images - Chapter 2 of the Roblyer textbook - http://tip.psychology.org/gagne.html - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Gagne - http://www.ibstpi.org/Products/Legacy-Gagne.htm - http://www.my-ecoach.com/idtimeline/theory/gagne.html - http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/Articles/gagnesevents/index.htm