N utrition

1. Nutrition And Health

2. Carbohydrates • "Carbon hydrates" = Cn (H2O) m  • Form structural components in cells/tissues. • provide fuel for cellular energy production • General names for carbohydrates: Sugars Starches Saccharides polysaccharides • Provide energy through metabolism pathways/cycles • chemistry of carbohydrates resembles to alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups

3. Fat • Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • helps body absorb and move vitamins through bloodstream • Healthy skin, hair are maintained by fat. • 1 of the 3 nutrients: protein carbohydrate • Saturated fats are found in animal products • two types of unsaturated fats: • Monounsaturated fats: include olive and canola oils • Polyunsaturated fats: found in fish, sunflower, corn

4. Protein • made up of amino acids. • Is found in following foods: meats, poultry, and fish • includes a number of different components • Connection between health and protein=allergies • cause cardiovascular disease if consumed to much • about 100 grams of protein/day • to make hemoglobin, part of RBC that carries oxygen

5. Fibre • Can be found in edible plants • Correct term= dietary fibre • 2 types = soluble and insoluble • Soluble= vegetables and fruits • Insoluble = grain products, nuts and seeds • adults should consume 20–35 grams of dietary fibre/day • or might reduce the risk of heart disease

6. Vitamin • Many different types • Vitamin A, B1~6, B9, B12, C, D, E, H, K • essential for our ongoing good health • Mostly found in vegetables, grain, fruits • Vitamin D, B12, B6, B5, etc. can be found in meat and dairy products • found in almost all types of food • word made up by Casimir Funk from vital and amine

7. Mineral • Dietary minerals are inorganic substances • Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, Zinc, iron • the major constituent of bone and tooth • salts regulating body fluids • as components of enzymes and hormones • needs dietary minerals for vital body processes and developments • Difference between minerals and vitamin: minerals don’t have carbon

8. Water • Makes up 60% of your body weight • Makes up 75% of your muscles • We need about 2.5 liters per day • helps with allergies, depression, digestive problems, etc. • Our bodies receive water three ways • from food, drinking and metabolism • may help suppress your appetite

9. Bibliograghy • www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/350/Carey5th/.../ch25-0.htm • http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/540carbohydrates.html • http://www.eatrightontario.ca/en/viewdocument.aspx?id=57 • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002468.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html • http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/protein-full-story/index.html • http://www.healthyeatingclub.org/info/books-phds/books/foodfacts/html/data/data2c.html • http://www.the-vitamin-and-supplement-guide.com/listofvitamins.html • http://www.health-supplements-advisor.com/list-vitamin-benefits.html • http://www.thefoodchart.com/dietary-minerals.php • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/organic/carb.html