1 / 14

Branched-Chain Alkanes

Branched-Chain Alkanes. Branched-chain means that other elements besides hydrogen may be attached to the carbon hydrocarbon, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. any atom that takes the place of a hydrogen on a parent hydrocarbon is called a substituent , or the branched part.

terena
Download Presentation

Branched-Chain Alkanes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Branched-Chain Alkanes • Branched-chain means that other elements besides hydrogen may be attached to the carbon • hydrocarbon, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc. • any atom that takes the place of a hydrogen on a parent hydrocarbon is called a substituent, or the branchedpart

  2. Branched-Chain Alkanes • A hydrocarbon substituent is called an alkyl group • use the same prefixes to indicate the number of carbons, but the -ane ending is now -yl • methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc.

  3. Alkyl Groups Branches on carbon chains H H C CH3 methyl H H H H C C CH3CH2 ethyl H H

  4. Branched Alkanes CH3 CH3CHCH3 methyl groups CH3 CH3 CH3CHCH2CHCH3

  5. Steps for naming Branched-Chain Alkanes p.247-248 1. Count the C’s in the longest chain (parent chain) 2. Number parent chain so branches have lowest possible number 3. Name each branch 4. Use prefix for more than one branch on the same carbon 5. Alphabetize branches 6. Use proper punctuation ( - , )

  6. Naming Branched Alkanes CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6 5 4 3 2 1 Count

  7. Naming Branched Alkanes CH3 methyl branch CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3 6 5 4 3 2 1 Count 3-Methylhexane on third C CH3 six carbon chain group

  8. Learning Check A. CH3CH3 CH3CHCH2CHCH3 B. CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 CH3

  9. Solution A. CH3CH3 CH3CHCH2CHCH3 2,4-dimethylpentane B. CH3 CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CCH2CH3 CH3 3,3,5-trimethylheptane

  10. Branched-Chain Alkanes • From the name, draw the structure: 1. Find the parent, with the -ane 2. Number carbons on parent 3. Identify substituent groups; attach 4. Add remaining hydrogens

  11. Learning Check Write a condensed structure for A. 3,4-dimethylheptane B. 2,2-dimethyloctane

  12. Solution • 3,4-dimethylheptane CH3 CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2CH3 CH3

  13. Solution • 2,2-dimethyloctane CH3 CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3

  14. Learning Check Write a condensed structure for A. 3-ethylpentane B. 2,3,4-trimethylhexane

More Related