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Psychology and the Law

Psychology and the Law. Truth and Deception Detection. Plan for Today. Class experiment data Video Deception detection Interviewing. Manipulation Check Anxiety Scale. Dependent Measure. Lie Detection. Eckman (1985) Telling Lies

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Psychology and the Law

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  1. Psychology and the Law Truth and Deception Detection

  2. Plan for Today • Class experiment data • Video • Deception detection • Interviewing

  3. Manipulation CheckAnxiety Scale

  4. Dependent Measure

  5. Lie Detection • Eckman (1985) Telling Lies “lying is when one person intends to mislead another, doing so deliberately, without prior notification of this purpose, and without having been explicitly asked to do so (p. 28)” “Brokaw hazard” The Leakage hypothesis – can detect deception by observing ways in which physiological responses are inconsistent with verbal accounting

  6. Lie Detection • Polygraph • Statement Analysis – (SVA , CBCA) • Behavior Analysis • facial expressions • Eye movement and Neurolinguistic programming • Eye contact • Body movement • Voice • Brain scan

  7. Polygraph • Truthfulness is more dependent on situational contexts than on a general trait of honesty • Based on autonomic arousal system • S.C.C. (1987) ruled polygraph inadmissable

  8. Statement Analysis • Statement Validity Assessment • Helps to distinguish truthfulness of witnesses, particularly children in sexual abuse cases • Open ended interview (taped) • Criteria-Based Content Analysis 19 reality criteria (e.g., detail and context) • Validity checklist (e.g., age appropriate language, motivations)

  9. Voice Analysis • Spectrogram - voiceprint analysis • Voice stress and micro-tremors in speech pattern • Deception is correlated with more speech disturbances, slower rate of speech, higher pitched voice, longer latency to answer • Not legally accepted or scientifically established

  10. Non-Verbal Behavior • Non verbal leakages are harder to conceal • Facial expressions don’t match the context • Decreases in limb movements are indicative of deception

  11. New Measures of Deception • Brain Scan • Memory Scan • Facial Blood-flow

  12. Police Interviews • With witnesses vs. suspects • Memory enhancement procedures – e.g., Guided Memory Technique, Structured Interview • Cognitive Interview (Enhanced) • Guided imagery • Temporal order • Report any related matter • Recall using different perspectives

  13. Interviews with Suspects • 80% of criminal cases solved by confession • False confessions account for the most wrongful convictions next to eyewitness misidentification • Torture vs. Soft cell • brainwashing

  14. False Confessions • Voluntary false confession – protection, reward, alibi, fear, fame • Coerced-Compliant false confession – escape or reward (instrumental reasons) • Coerced-Internalized false confession - creation of false memories

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