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Anatomy and Physiology- Part IV

Anatomy and Physiology- Part IV. Small animal reproduction. Defined. Union of egg and sperm to produce a new animal Two parents required: male furnishes sperm (spermatozoa or male animal sex cell) and female supplies egg or ovum (female sex cell)

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Anatomy and Physiology- Part IV

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology-Part IV Small animal reproduction

  2. Defined • Union of egg and sperm to produce a new animal • Two parents required: male furnishes sperm (spermatozoa or male animal sex cell) and female supplies egg or ovum (female sex cell) • Natural insemination is the process of male depositing semen into female reproductive tract

  3. Sexual Terminology • Conception- creation of new life by fertilization of an egg • Estrus is the heat period when female is receptive to male and will stand for mating • Fertilization is the union of the egg and sperm • Gestation- period of pregnancy that begins with conception and ends with parturition

  4. Sexual Terminology • Ovulation- releasing an egg for fertilization • Parturition- process of giving birth to young • Pregnant- stage of baby development in reproductive tract

  5. Female repro anatomy • Ovary- primary reproductive organ produces the egg (female gamete) • Gamete- sex cell that unites with other sex cells • Embryo (developing young) goes to the uterus in mammals after 3-5 days

  6. Female repro anatomy • Uterus- the place of embryo growth and development • The cervix is the part of the uterus that contains rings and cervical mucus to seal the uterus to keep out contaminants during pregnancy

  7. Female repro anatomy • The vagina is the reproduction passageway and place of urine excretion • The vulva is the external opening to the reproductive tract

  8. Male repro anatomy • Testicle- primary reproductive organ and produces the male gametes (sperm) • Two testicles are held externally in the scrotum or sac that helps control the temperature so that the testicles remain cooler than the body • Sheath- a fold of skin that is a protective covering for the penis

  9. Gestation length • Cats- 51-65 days • Dogs- 56-70 days • Rabbits- 28-32 days • Hamsters- 30-32 days • Gerbils- 16 days • Rats/Mice- 21-24 days • Guinea pigs- 56-74 days • Ferrets- 6 weeks

  10. General Characteristics • Gestation is usually identified by an increase in the female’s breast and abdominal size, weight, and appetite at various stages of the gestational period • Restlessness is a usual sign that the gestation period is coming to an end and parturition (birthing) is about to take place.

  11. General Characteristics • A nesting box of straw, shavings, paper, etc. may be provided for pocket pets and rabbits. Care should be taken not to excite animals at birthing as most do not need assistance.

  12. General Characteristics • Dogs and cats should be given a birthing box in a quiet location one to three weeks prior to parturition so that they may get comfortable with the setting.

  13. THE END

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