Chapter 10 Study Guide

1. Chapter 10 Study Guide 8th Grade U.S. History Tequesta Trace Middle 2009-2010 MR. GIRALDO

2. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. to try by a military court __ 2. system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency __ 3. removal of weapons __ 4. the change from an agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800 A. Industrial Revolution B. factory system C. sectionalism D. disarmament E. demilitarize F. court-martial F B D A

3. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 5. to remove armed forces from an area __ 6. loyalty to a region A. Industrial Revolution B. factory system C. sectionalism D. disarmament E. demilitarize F. court-martial E C

4. Reviewing Key Facts What problems did cities face as a result of rapid growth during the Industrial Revolution? Cities faced overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, disease, and threat of fire as a result of rapid growth.

5. Reviewing Key Facts How did canals boost the economy of the Great Lakes region? They linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast and allowed people to ship their goods at a lower cost.

6. Reviewing Key Facts How did North and South differ on the issue of tariffs? Business interests in the North favored them; agricultural and slavery interests in the South did not.

7. Reviewing Key Facts What was the American System? The American System was a set of policies proposed by Henry Clay that were supposed to benefit all sections of the United States: protective tariffs, the building of canals and roads, and a national bank.

8. Reviewing Key Facts Describe the provisions of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States would oppose any new European colonies in the Americas, though it would not interfere with any colonies already in existence. North and South America were not to be considered for future colonization by any European powers.

9. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Economic Factors How did the Industrial Revolution help to make the United States more economically independent in the early 1800s? The United States was able to produce more goods for use domestically and for trade with other nations. As a result the United States became less dependent economically on other nations.

10. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Global Connections Why did Secretary of State John Quincy Adams allow General Jackson’s invasion into Spanish East Florida in 1818? He figured that Spain would not want to go to war and would peacefully settle the Florida dispute.

11. Geography and History Activity In 1819 Spain ceded Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onís Treaty. The Spanish had established colonies in Florida beginning in the 1500s. Study the map below and answer the questions on the following slides.

12. Geography and History Activity Region When was the largest portion of Florida acquired from Spain? The largest portion was acquired in 1819.

13. Geography and History Activity Location What body of water blocked further expansion of Florida to the west? The Mississippi River blocked further expansion to the west.

14. Geography and History Activity Movement In what direction did the United States acquire the various parts of Florida? The U.S. acquired various parts of Florida from west to east.

15. Standardized Test Practice Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. The South opposed protective tariffs for which reason? A They thought tariffs would not work. B They had very little industry to protect. C They thought foreign goods were better. D Their main business was smuggling. Test-Taking TipEliminate answers that do not make sense. For example, it is not realistic that the main business for the entire South was smuggling. Therefore, answer D cannot be correct.

16. Chapter 10 ReviewInformation to Research • Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods, united the growing country across great distances, and brought prosperity to towns along their routes. • John C. Calhoun was a strong supporter of the idea that states should share similar ideals and goals for the common good of the federal government. • Because of poor soil conditions in the region, the Industrial Revolution began in New England, where people were more willing to leave their farms to find work elsewhere. • The development of textile mills in New England reduced the demand for cotton. • The locks of the Erie Canal helped to raise and lower water levels to assist boats as they traveled the 363-mile canal.

17. Chapter 10 ReviewInformation to Research • The Missouri Compromise caused much division between the North and the South. • According to the Adams-Onís Treaty, the United States gained East Florida, retained West Florida, and gave up all claims to Spanish Texas. • The industrial growth of the 1800s resulted in the growth of cities and towns. • The Era of Good Feelings ended when sectionalism increased. • Though steamboats made the shipping of goods cheaper and faster, they also caused a loss of business to river cities such as Cincinnati and St. Louis.

18. Chapter 10 ReviewInformation to Research • Created in 1823, what became an important part of American foreign policy? • The changes in the way goods were made in the mid-1700s first appeared in • What agreement provided for disarmament along the Canadian border? • The major elements of free enterprise are competition, economic freedom, private property, and • Who began his political career as a supporter of free trade and the shipping interests of New England? • Who believed high tariffs raised the prices of manufactured goods? • Thirty years after the first census, the population of the United States was • What called for a tariff to stimulate growth of American industries? • An example of the United States’ "military strength" is the • Scientific discoveries that simplify work are called • The revolution that changed the way people worked was the