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The State Supreme
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I. Imagining the modern state . It\'s good to be the King
The State Supreme
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1.
L’etat, C’est moi!
The State Supreme
2. I. Imagining the modern state It’s good to be the King…sometimes Louis XIV, r. 1643-1715
The Fronde, 1649-52
3. A. The Renaissance 1350-1650 Machiavelli The Prince 1513
How things are v. how they ought to be
4. B. The Reformation Religion and nationalism - Fragmentation v. universalism
- Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation 1521
5. C. Decline in Church Primacy 1. State Sovereignty - Henry VIII, Act of Supremacy 1535 - Charles V, Peace of Augsburg 1555 - Peace of Westphalia 1648
6. II. Forging the Modern State
7. A. Decline of medieval “empires” 1. Ottoman Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent r. 1520-1566
Battle of Lepanto 1571
8. 2. Poland “elective monarchy”
- frontier-less - anti-Semitism
9. 3. Spain and Beyond
Charles V (Habsburg)
10. Philip II r. 1550-1598
Revolt of the Netherlands
The Spanish Armada (1588)
11. 4. The Austrian Habsburgs
12. Perils of Progress Wars of religion
Price Revolution
Enclosure - urbanization
13. “Life is nasty, brutish and short” Thomas Hobbes
- Leviathan, 1660
Absolutism “It is not wisdom but Authority that makes a law”
14. III. Absolutism? Absolutely! King James (VI & I)
True Law of Free Monarchies – 1598
- material/spiritual well-being - sacred obedience - sovereignty lies in the monarch
Joseph II of Austria 1780-1790
- reason and the state - “enlightened despotism”
15. A. France: “reason of state” Henry IV d. 1610
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 Edict of Nantes 1598 monopolies
2. Cardinal Richelieu d. 1642 (Louis XIII) intendants Habsburg wars France before individuals, classes, or Church Mazarin
16. The Sun King Louis XIV 3. “I am the state” dismissed assemblies direct rule / appointments professional army Gallicanism Edict of Fontainebleau 1685 Jansenism
17. 4. King’s Men bourgeois bureacracy Jean-Baptiste Colbert mercantilism
18. 5. “I have loved war too much” Natural borders
Alliances Habsburgs War of the League of Augsburg War of Spanish Succession
19. 6. Cult of personality Versailles
20. The Grand Embassy 1697-98
Peter Mikhailov
21. B. Czar of all the Russias 1. Peter I “The Great” 1689-1725 - Westernization - Baltic expansion St. Petersburg - state service of nobles - serfs as slaves
Romanovs Eastern Expansion
22. 2. Catherine “the Great” r. 1762-1796 - un-Enlightenment 1773 revolt - southern, western expansion
23. C. Germany stirs HRE?
Reformation
Westphalia 1648
Siege of Vienna 1683
Leopold I r. 1657-1705 Habsburg Dynasty
24. 2. Hohenzollerns (Prussia) - militarism / state service Frederick William I
25. IV. Enlightened Despots A well conducted government must have an underlying concept so well integrated that it could be likened to a system of philosophy…All financial, political and military matters must flow towards one goal…the strengthening of the state and the furthering of its power.
- Frederick II “The Great” d. 1786
26. A. “Servant of the state” Philosophes
Joseph II d. 1790
27. Austrian Habsburg Dynasty
Maria Teresa 1740-1780 Joseph II 1780-1790 - religious toleration - abolished torture - equality before the law - abolished serfdom
28. B. When divas ruled 1. Baroque / Rococo style
29. Catherine Palace
Sanssouci
30. C. R & D 1. Science and the state - Académie des Sciences 1666 - Royal Academy 1660 Christopher Wren. d. 1723
Benjamin Franklin d. 1790
31. So…. Absolute rulers helped early modern states negotiate fundamental social and economic change…
…but Absolutism itself would become the target of reformers.
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