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Imperialism and Progressives

Imperialism and Progressives. Imperialism, Spanish American War, Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, Square Deal, Big Stick Diplomacy, And William Taft. IMPERIALISM.

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Imperialism and Progressives

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  1. Imperialism and Progressives Imperialism, Spanish American War, Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, Square Deal, Big Stick Diplomacy, And William Taft

  2. IMPERIALISM • Policy by stronger nation to attempt to create an empire by dominating a weaker nation economically, politically, culturally, and militarily.

  3. Essential Question: Why did America join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c?

  4. 1. Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

  5. 1. Commercial/Business Interests American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

  6. Expanding of U.S. Interests • George Washington warned in his 1796 Farewell Address to stay out of other nations’ issues and for the most part the United States did just that such as the Monroe Doctrine proved • However, American began to expand interests in the 1850’s and on • Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to open trade with us • United States signed treaty with Hawaii that allowed them to sell sugar if they agree not to become part of any other nation (we’ll steal them later)

  7. 2. Military/Strategic Interests Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

  8. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’sBurden The Hierarchyof Race

  9. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionariesin China, 1905

  10. Why Expand Influence? • PromotingEconomic Growth: Americans alone could not consume all that was being produced so the U.S. needed other markets • Established Banana Republics- name given to Central American countries because of the amount of influence American businessmen (especially fruit growers) had on their government • Protecting American Security: Pushed by Alfred Mahan’s book entitled “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”and others the U.S. built up one of the most powerful nations • Now powerful navy can help U.S. expand influence

  11. 5. Closing the American Frontier

  12. Why Expand Influence? • Preserving American Spirit: Many, including Henry Cabot Lodge and Teddy Roosevelt, felt the closing of the American west would sap our pioneer energy and they wanted to go after other areas to get that loving feeling back • Public Opinion: Eventually, the American citizens became satisfied with markets and were okay with our expansion…but this expansion will soon become bloody

  13. Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"

  14. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

  15. U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.

  16. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

  17. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff 1893 –Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Doleproclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

  18. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

  19. Japan

  20. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853 The Japanese View of Commodore Perry

  21. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854 Japan's first treaty with a Western nation. It marked the end of Japan's period of seclusion (1639�1854).

  22. Gentleman’s Agreement: 1907 A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports tolaborers entering the U.S. Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsissued by other countries. The U.S. government got theschool board of San Francisco to rescind their order tosegregate Asians in separateschools. 1908  Root-Takahira Agreement.

  23. Root-Takahira Agreement: 1908 A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East. Recognition of China’s independence and territorial integrity, and support for continuation of the Open-Door Policy. An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far Eastern crises.

  24. Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912 Senator Henry CabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA) Non-European powers,like Japan, would beexcluded from owningterritory in the WesternHemisphere.

  25. Alaska

  26. “Seward’s Folly”: 1867 $7.2 million

  27. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

  28. Spanish-American War

  29. The Imperialist Tailor

  30. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

  31. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

  32. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! William Randolph Hearst

  33. De Lôme Letter • Spanish Minister wrote a letter bad mouthing President McKinley • Letter was stolen from Havana, Cuba post office and leaked to the yellow journalists • McKinley is: “weak and catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low politician, who desires to leave a door open to me and to stand well with the jingoes of his party." • President McKinley is now FIRED UP

  34. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba (Rough Riders)

  35. ROUGH RIDERS • Roosevelt gained fame by organizing the volunteer cavalry group- Rough Riders • They helped to charge up San Juan Hill

  36. U.S.S. Maine • Ship was sent from Key West to Cuba to protect American interests while Cuba was in insurrection • Ship exploded and the yellow press and United States immediately blamed Spain for sinking the ship • Turns out, the gun powder on the ship was ignited which caused the explosion • Helped lead the United States to war with Spain • 266 Men Killed • “Remember the Maine and to Hell With Spain!!” was rallying cry

  37. SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR-America’s Shortest War • Cuban revolutionaries were fighting the Spanish for independence • A leaked letter, the explosion of the USS Maine (which the U.S. blamed Spain- which wasn’t), and yellow journalismled President McKinley to declare war on Spain • William Hearst was most famous yellow journalist KNOWN AS THE SPLENDID LITTLE WAR by John Hay

  38. John Hay- “Splendid Little War” • Personal secretary for Abraham Lincoln • Served as Secretary of State under William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt • Was born in Salem, Indiana

  39. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

  40. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines Great administrator.

  41. Dewey Captures Manila!

  42. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

  43. TREATY OF PARIS • Ended the Spanish- American War • United States gained Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and bought the Philippines • Gave up Cuba- but PLATT AMENDMENTgave us a permanent base there • What is our military base in Cuba called? • Guantánamo Bay- A.K.A- “GITMO” • This is where the suspects in the war on terror are being held and the base that Barrack Obama hopes to close soon because of the torture that is suspected of going on there

  44. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. • Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. • Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Senator Orville Platt

  45. Philippines • United States entered into a three year struggle with the Philippines, despite their help in the Spanish-American War. • “Gun Boat Diplomacy”- Demonstrate our military might in the hopes that nations would give in to our demands

  46. The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

  47. John Hay Open Door Policy • Secretary of State John Hay wrote a letter to European nations urging them to adopt an Open Door Policy in regards to China • The Open Door Policy would allow the United States equal access to the consumers of China

  48. 25th President William McKinley Assassinated • President is shot and dies a week later • Theodore Roosevelt becomes the 26th and the youngest president

  49. We Gotta Do Something • Many Americans felt a need for change • Wanted a cleaner and more fair political system and government • Due to the industrial boom and urban expansion, Progressives desired to get back the control of the government from the special interest groups, monopolies, and expand protection for women, labors, and even blacks. • Came from mostly the middle class of both the Republican and Democratic parties

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