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Progressives and Politics:

Progressives and Politics:. From the cities to the states to Washington, D.C. Urban improvements. Progressives in major cities pioneered the following programs, in addition to many others, for the first time in American history, making the municipal governments responsible for:

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Progressives and Politics:

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  1. Progressives and Politics: From the cities to the states to Washington, D.C.

  2. Urban improvements • Progressives in major cities pioneered the following programs, in addition to many others, for the first time in American history, making the municipal governments responsible for: • Trash collection • Street cleaning • Tenement reforms • Urban beautification:

  3. A Progressive Era case study: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC • What happened on March 25, 1911 and what was the impact? Summarize here and add a photo.

  4. “Direct democracy” reforms begin in states • Progressives in many states worked to make elections more honest and democratic and the government more accountable to the people. • By 1910: • There were also four other important new ideas that were adopted in many states: • Direct primary: • Initiative: • Referendum: • Recall:

  5. More Progressive ideas take hold in states • By 1903, child labor eliminated in 30 states • Required school attendance in every state (except Mississippi) by 1916 • 10 hour work day for • Minimum wage laws • Workmen's compensation laws • Worker protection and factory safety laws, • “Widow’s pensions” • Railroad commissions to regulate shipping rates in many states

  6. Progressivism goes to Washington! • September 6, 1901: Republican President McKinley was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, NY • September 14: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt sworn in as President at age 42 • “My God, that damned cowboy in the White House!” -Mark Hanna • Elected on his own in 1904 with 57% of the vote; promised a “Square Deal” for the American people • What were the main components of TR’s “Square Deal?”

  7. TR: “Trust-Buster” • We don’t wish to destroy corporations, but we do wish to make them subserve the public good.” -TR • TR opposed “irresponsible corporate behavior” • What was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and how did TR use it? • Roosevelt’s Justice Dept. sued 44 companies for anti-trust violations • Northern Securities vs. US (1902): • TR creates the Dept of Commerce and Labor to regulate business • Bureau of Corporations: regulate interstate businesses • What did new powers did the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act give the government?

  8. TR: Consumer Protection • The Jungle opened TR’s (and the nation’s) eyes to the safety of their food • Milk distributors frequently added chalk or plaster to improve the color of the milk • Patent medicines and other products often contained cocaine, opium, alcohol, etc. (Click here: http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/cocaine.asp) • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906): • The Meat Inspection Act (1906):

  9. TR and nature • “When I hear of the destruction of a species, I feel just as if all the works of some great writer had perished.” • TR set aside 150 million acres of public forest; created 53 wildlife reserves, 16 national monuments, 5 new national parks • Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902: irrigation projects for arid regions; reclaimed land sold to settlers at low prices • Antiquities Act of 1906: enabled the president to create national monuments (Grand Canyon) • How did the Teddy Bear get its name?

  10. William Howard Taft (1908-1912) • Mann-Elkins Act (1910): Prosecuted 90 anti-trust cases (even more than TR) • He was perceived by many reformers and conservationists as too timid.

  11. What was so unique about the 1912 Presidential election? Who won the election? The 1912 Election

  12. Woodrow Wilson • Created the income tax (only on incomes of $4,000+; top rate was 6% on $500,000!) • Federal Reserve Act of 1913: Federal Trade Commission (1914): • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914):

  13. Woodrow Wilson, cont. • Child Labor Act (1916): banned the sale of products from any factory that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than 8 hours during the day. (declared unconstitutional) • Workmen’s compensation for federal employees • Federal Farm Loan Act (1916):

  14. Constitutional amendments passed during the Wilson years • 16th (1913): income tax • 17th (1913): • 18th (1919): • 19th (1920):

  15. …begins in 1914,the U.S. enters the war in 1917… …and the Progressive Era eventually comes to an end as we refocus our energies abroad.

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