Summer School

1. Author’s Biography, Symbolism, Summary, and Clauses Summer School

2. At the end of summer school, you will complete a Major Works Data graphic organizer where you will write a variety of paragraphs on a complexity of literary topics. One section will require you to write a short summary of the author’s life; so, in order to prepare for that section, follow the link to read a biography of Shirley Jackson, the writer of the short story that we will analyze over the next few days. Once you have fully read the biography, compose a summary (your own words based on the information contained within the biography) that is about a paragraph in length (or roughly seven sentences). If you need more information on how to write a summary, please move on to the next slide. Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery”

3. Shirley Jackson’s biography is a short and simple passage. When you summarize, it’s often best to start by jotting down a few phrases or short sentences that remind you of major or important moments in Jackson’s life. So, write down four or five phrases or short sentences that will remind you of important things that happened in Jackson’s life. After you’ve written down your four or five phrases or short sentences, try to combine them or elaborate on them in order to form six or seven sentences. Once you have finished your summary, please go to the next slide and take notes on symbolism (take these notes on a fresh sheet of paper). How to Write a Summary

4. Another element of the Major Works Data Graphic Organizer that you must produce at the end of summer school is symbolism. You must identify symbols in your novel of choice and explain each symbol’s importance. • Symbolism is any person, animal, place, object, or event that exists on a literal level within a work but also represents something on a figurative level. It can be difficult to identify symbols in a piece of literature, but we will practice finding symbols in “The Lottery”. • How to Identify Symbols: • Scan back over previously read chapters and annotate (highlight, underline, or jot down notes on paper) nouns that turn up more frequently than others. • Elaborate on inherent (natural) connotations (associations). • Example: Dark • For centuries, humans have been afraid of what lies beyond their immediate vision. The dark represents something sinister, evil or isolated. • Extend these connotations to one of the themes of the text. • Example: The darkening forest in “Young Goodman Brown” symbolizes Brown’s loss of innocence. His soul is slowly identifying the evil that is within the world, and it is smearing the last fragments of innocence with darkness. Symbolism

5. Before We Read Activity (Remember Your Object!) • Quan and Jesse – Sun • Courtney and Frankie – Tree • Henry and MarTez – Sports Car • Aaliyah and Samuel - Baby • Demarcus and Fred – Dove • MaryRachel and Kelvin – Heart • Jaalen and Jacob – House • Tershae and Mikevion - $100 Bill

6. A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb. There are two types of clauses: • Independent or Main Clause: A group of related words containing a subject and verb – and makes sense all by itself. (Sounds like a sentence, right? It is!) • Dependent or Subordinate Clause: A group of related words containing a subject and verb – but it does not make sense by itself. A dependent or subordinate clause needs the independent clause to make sense. Examples: When John came into the room, the children clapped. Independent Clause: the children clapped Dependent Clause: When John came into the room Clause Types Recognition Practice

7. Highlight the independent clause in the following sentences; then, underline the dependent or subordinate clause. BE CAREFUL! Sometimes the dependent clause will separate the independent clause, as shown in this sample sentence… The little boy, who bought the candy, is my brother. The little boy, who bought the candy, is my brother. Clause Types Exercise