Ph.D PRELIMINARY DEFENCE BY ADEBAYO, Matthew Sunday 85/9118

1. AVAILABILITY AND UTILISATION OF BROADCAST MEDIA IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES OF SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA Ph.D PRELIMINARY DEFENCE BY ADEBAYO, Matthew Sunday 85/9118 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA. SUPERVISOR: DR. (MRS) M.V. ADEGBIJA

2. CHAPTER ONE • Background to the Problem • Statement of the Problem • Purpose of the Study • Research Questions • Research Hypotheses • Scope of the Study • Clarification of the Major Terms • Significance of the Study

3. Background to the Problem • Background to the Use of Technologies in Transmitting Knowledge for Open and Distance Learning • Open and Distance Learning via Institutional Systems to reach many Learners at the same time, irrespective of geographical, social, and political boundaries. • Open access in learning to solve problems of time, space, age, costs, transport, inadequate opportunities of candidates designing higher education and for personal fulfillments of on the job developments. • Provision of Distance Learning by private and public institutions. The later includes single mode providers such as NOUN, and NTI, while dual or mixed are conventional institutions – Universities/Polytechnics/Colleges of Education.

4. Statement of the Problems • Scholars have asserted that no meaningful teaching and learning can take place in any ODL without the use of technological dances. • Studies by Adegbija (1993), Yusuf (2001), Abolade (2003) and many more stated the merits in the use of technological devices for ODL programmes. • However studies on the use of Broadcast media in ODL programmes of tertiary institutions in Nigeria are not abundant. • The problem of this study was an investigation into availability, extent of usage, personnel and constraints in the realm of usage and solutions that will make it a viable potent tool to achieve the goals of education for all.

5. Purpose of the Study - The general purpose of this thesis was to investigate the availability and utilisation of Broadcast media in Open and Distance Learning institutions. • The extent to which broadcast media have been used in ODL. • The adequacy of human resources (technical personnel) selected ODL providers • The problems that hinders effective use of broadcast media by ODL providers.

6. Research Questions The underlisted will serve as the research questions for this study: • Are Radio broadcast facilities available among the selected ODL providers? • Are TV broadcast facilities available among the selected ODL providers? • To what extent has radio broadcast media been utilised within the ODL programmes of selected tertiary institutions in Nigeria? • To what extent has TV broadcast media been utilised within the ODL programmes of selected tertiary institutions in Nigeria? • Are there specially trained radio broadcast personnel for the utilisation of radio broadcast media among the selected ODL providers in Nigeria? • Are there specially trained TV broadcast personnel for the utilisation of TV broadcast media among the selected ODL providers in Nigeria? • What are the problems militating against the use of radio broadcast media among the selected ODL providers in Nigeria? • What are the problems militating against the use of TV broadcast media among the selected ODL providers in Nigeria? • Are broadcast media facilities adequate among the selected ODL providers? • Are the broadcast media facilities available functional within the ODL providers?

7. Research Hypothesis Two null hypothesis are generated for this study: • There is no significant difference in the utilisation of Broadcast media within the single mode ODL providers and those of dual mode Open and Distance Learning providers. • There is no significant difference in the problem militating against the use of Broadcast media between single mode and dual mode providers of Open and Distance Learning programmes.

8. Scope of the Study The research was limited to the use of broadcast media as an instructional delivery mode in teaching and learning with particular reference to its application within Open and Distance Learning programmes of selected Nigeria Tertiary Institutions. It was carried out at National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). National Teacher’s Institute (NTI) Kaduna, University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre and Obafemi Awolowo University Distance Learning Centre.

9. Clarifications of Terms and Variable The underlisted are terms and variables defined in this study: • Availability, Asynchronous learning, Distance learning, Open and Distance Learning, Open Learning, Synchronous learning, Broadcast Media.

10. Significance of the Study Findings are expected to be useful to: • Providers of ODL • Instructional material developers • Learners involved in ODL programmes • The National Universities Commission • The Federal/State Governments of Nigeria • The future educational researchers.

11. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Literature has been reviewed under the following sub-headings: • Theoretical framework • Historical foundations of educational media • Broadcast media and the National Policy of Education • Utilisation of technology in education • Educational broadcasting in Nigeria schools • Concept of Open learning, Distance learning, Open and Distance learning, • Open and Distance learning in Nigeria • Emerging technologies for ODL • Rationale for adoption of ODL in Nigeria • Appraisal of literature review

12. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter described the procedure followed in the course of this research: • Research type • Sample and sampling technique • Research instrument • Validation of research instrument • Procedure for data collection • Data analysis techniques

13. Research Type This research work is a descriptive research of the survey type. It focused on obtaining information on the availability and utilisation of broadcast media in ODL programmes of selected providers.

14. Sample and Sampling Technique • Population for the research involved all lecturers, management staff, and students in the selected ODL providers • NOUN, NTI, Unibadan Distance Learning and Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife were purposively selected. • Sample size was 902 respondents.

15. Research Instrument Three researcher designed instruments were used for this research. The first was a set of questionnaire titled “Broadcast media BROMODL I, for students and the second was BROMODL II for staff. The third was a checklist on availability of broadcast media in ODL programmes.

16. Instrument Validation Experts from the Department of Science Education, University of Ilorin, Validated the instruments.

17. Procedure for Data Collection - The institutions were visited: • Questionnaires were administered with the help of research assistants in each of the institutions. • Researcher personally visited the Directors/Representative of each institutions/centres to fill the checklist

18. Data Analysis Technique - Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency counts, means, and percentages - The hypotheses were analysed using t-test.

19. Data Analysis and Results Table 5: Radio broadcast facilities available among selected ODL providers

20. Table 6: TV Broadcast Facilities

21. Table 7: Extent of Radio Broadcast Media been Utilised among the Selected ODL Providers

22. Table 8: Extent of Usage of TV broadcast media among selected ODL providers

23. Table 9: Specially trained Radio broadcast Personnel utilising Radio broadcast among selected ODL providers

24. Table 10: Specially trained TV Broadcast personnel among selected ODL providers

25. Table 11: Table showing representation of 25 itemsised problems militating against the effective use of Radio broadcast media among selected ODL providers Variables No SA A D SD Respondents 902 33.07% 37.6% 11.7% 17.08%

26. Table 12: Table showing representation of 25 itemsised problems militating against the effective use of TV broadcast media among selected ODL providers Variables No SA A D SD Respondents 902 35.07% 36.6% 14.7% 16.08%

27. Table 13: Table showing the adequacy and otherwise of broadcast facilities among ODL providers

28. Table 13: Table showing the adequacy and otherwise of broadcast facilities among ODL providers (contd)

29. Table 14: Table showing the Broadcast Facilities Available and Functional within the ODL Providers

30. Table 14: Table showing the Broadcast Facilities Available and Functional within the ODL Providers (contd)

31. Table 15: The t-test Showing Difference in the Utilisation Mean Ratings of Single Mode ODL Providers and those of Dual Mode ODL Providers P < 0.05

32. Table 16: The t-test Analysis Showing Difference in the Mean Ratings of Problems Militating Against the use of Broadcast Media between the Single and Dual Mode Providers of ODL P < 0.05 P < 0.05

33. Summary of Major Findings • Based on the data collected, analysed, and interpreted the following findings are obtained: • There were evidence of available but inadequate Broadcast facilities in all the selected ODL providers. • The selected ODL providers seldomly use Broadcast facilities in the teaching of their programmes. • There are inadequate trained personnel for the utilisation of Broadcast media in all the selected ODL providers. • There exists enormous factors and or problems militating against the utilisation of Broadcast media for ODL programmes among the selected ODL providers. • There is a significant diference in the mean ratings of staff and students in the utilisation of Broadcast media among the selected ODL providers. This is in favour of the staff. • There is no significant difference in the mean ratings of single mode ODL providers and those of dual mode ODL provers as related to the utilisation of Broadcast media. • There is no significant difference in factors militating against the effective use of Broadcast media between the staff and students involved in ODL programmes. • There is significant difference in the mean ratings of problems militating against the use of Broadcast media between the single and dual mode ODL providers.

34. Recommendations • Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: • All tertiary institutions involved in the provision of ODL should endeavour to put in place adequate broadcast media facilities to sustain their programmes. • That broadcast media facilities such as the radio stations owned by such ODL providers should be given operational license to operate at short wave and medium wave frequencies as to enable them transmit their programmes beyond 80km radius of their Headquarters, as the case is presently on their FM radio stations. • The Federal Government represented by the Federal Ministry of Education should work in conjunction with the various stakeholders in ODL to ensure the actualization of integrating Radio and TV educational broadcasting to form a feature in the educational support service system as postulated in the National Policy of Education (FRN, 2004). • Providers of ODL at Tertiary Education level in Nigeria should liase adequately and appropriately with the Federal Government and various broadcasting agencies to allow for dedicated Radio and TV channels solely for the purpose of ODL programmes. • Efforts should be intensified by all ODL providers to recruit specially trained personnel to handle their broadcast media related to ODL programmes for the benefit of all their students. • The Federal Government should provide more funds to all ODL providers as to attend to the various problems hampering the availability and utilisation of Broadcast media by ODL providers in Nigeria.

35. Thanks for listening and God bless