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Jan 31, 2014

Jan 31, 2014. Objective : review for midterm Do Now : Take out your midterm study guide and any study materials you have. HW : Study!!. Study hard everyone!. Midterm Review. When/Where. Tues 2/4 at 10:30am Period 3- Room A214 Period 4- Room A217 Period 6- Room A212 Period 8- Room D261.

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Jan 31, 2014

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  1. Jan 31, 2014 • Objective: review for midterm • Do Now: Take out your midterm study guide and any study materials you have. • HW: Study!! Study hard everyone!

  2. Midterm Review

  3. When/Where Tues 2/4 at 10:30am • Period 3- Room A214 • Period 4- Room A217 • Period 6- Room A212 • Period 8- Room D261

  4. Format • 70 multiple choice (1 point each) • 30 points of performance assessment tasks (free response)

  5. Characteristics of Living Things I’m made up of cells! • Are based on a universal genetic code • Grow and develop • Respond to their environment • Are made up of cells • Taken as a group, evolve • Obtain and use materials and energy • Maintain a stable internal environment • Reproduce

  6. Experiments/Variables • A controlled experiment tests only one variable • Independent variable- what is purposely changed in order to be tested. (ex: the solution type that you put the grape into) • Graphed on the X axis • Dependent variable- the data collected; the data varies depending on the independent variable (ex: the change in mass of the grape) • Graphed on the Y axis

  7. Atoms, Molecules & Compounds • Protons equals number of electrons • Number of electrons determines the reactivity of an atom. • Each atom wants to fill its outer energy level (2-8-8) • If the outer level is not full the atom will share electrons with another atom… • Covalent bond! • HONC 1234

  8. Atom: smallest unit of an element • Molecule: the structure that results when atoms are joined together by covalent bonds. The smallest unit of most compounds. • Compounds: a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

  9. Carbo Loading • Carbs are short term energy storage- used up first ATP→simplesugar→polysaccharide→lipids→Proteins Endurance athletes Load up on carbs before an event to have enough energy. (glucose) (glycogen broken down into glucose)

  10. Structural Formulas Carbohydrates Proteins Monosaccharide Amino Acid Polypeptide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Protein

  11. Structural Formulas Nucleic Acids Lipids Triglyceride Nucleotide (ATP) 3 Fatty Acids Nucleic Acid (DNA) Glycerol

  12. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • Photosynthesis makes food (glucose) for the plant. • Cellular respiration makes energy (ATP) for all organisms • These process exchange CO2 and O2 ATP

  13. Chemical Reactions • Chemical reactions change reactants into products • Require energy to start = activation energy • Can be endergonic or exergonic • What would help the reaction to go faster?

  14. Enzymes • A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. • The enzyme brings the substrates together and strains the bondshelping the reaction to go forward with less energy required. • The enzyme is unchanged in the process and is reusable.

  15. Nutrition Labels • Saturated fat- solid fats, filled with the maximum number of H atoms, less heart healthy. • What foods give you carbs? • What foods give you protein? • What foods give you fat?

  16. Law of Conservation of Matter • Matter can not be created or destroyed, it is recycled. • Matter cycles through the biogeochemical cycles and is changed from one form to another. • Energy on the other hand flows in one direction and is used up. • The flow begins at the sun, is passed to producers, then to consumers and up the food chain.

  17. Trophic Levels • Energy passes through living things starting with producers and up through the trophic levels • How much energy actually gets passed from one level top the next?

  18. Human Impact on the Environment • Natural resources on the planet are limited (finite), we must try to preserve them. • Sustainability- living in a way that helps preserve the environment, protecting the planet and its organisms

  19. Origins • Abiogenesis- life coming from nonliving things (this only occurred on early earth to create the first living thing) • Biogenesis- life only comes from life (this is true in present day) • Oparin and Haldane- hypothesized that inorganic molecules could make organic molecules on early earth • Miller & Urey proved the hypothesis to be true

  20. Cell Transport • Passive: • Diffusion (occurs faster with small molecules and hot temp) • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis • Active: • Molecular • Endocytosis • Exocytosis ___________%Solute ___________%Solute ___________%Water ___________%Water

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