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Overview of the 2005 Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE-2005)

Overview of the 2005 Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE-2005). Mario Benjamin Bruno Harvey Frédéric Chagnon Gilles Morneau Jocelyn Mailhot Stéphane Bélair Aude Lemonsu. Meteorological Service of Canada. CRTI Urban Canyon Project (0093RD) Annual Meeting – Dorval – August 24-25 2005.

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Overview of the 2005 Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE-2005)

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  1. Overview of the 2005Montreal Urban Snow Experiment (MUSE-2005) Mario Benjamin Bruno Harvey Frédéric Chagnon Gilles Morneau Jocelyn Mailhot Stéphane Bélair Aude Lemonsu Meteorological Service of Canada CRTI Urban Canyon Project (0093RD) Annual Meeting – Dorval – August 24-25 2005.

  2. Objectives • Document the evolution of surface characteristics and energy budgets in a dense urban area during the winter-spring transition • Evolution of snow cover from ~100% to 0% in an urban environment • Impact of snow on the surface energy and water budgets • Quantify anthropogenic fluxes in late winter and spring conditions • Evaluate TEB in reproducing the surface characteristics and budgets in these conditions • Gain expertise in urban measurements • Prepare for a wider effort to be submitted to CFCAS

  3. Acknowledgements • Prof Sue Grimmond, Indiana University • Prof Tim R. Oke, University of British Columbia • Prof James A. Voogt, University of Western Ontario • Sarah M. Roberts • This project was funded by CBRN Research and Technology Initiative as project # 02-0093RD

  4. Selection of the site • Selection of Montreal • Large city with significant accumulation of snow (2.14 m/year) • Representative of Eastern Canada winter climate • Availability of technical staff • Meso-scale surface meteorological network • Wind profiler, RASS, McGill weather radar • Residential location seeked • Horizontal homogeneity, two and three-storey attached buildings • Away from tall buildings and trees, rivers, mountains, parks • Easy and safe access to the site

  5. Selection of the site N 1 km

  6. Continuous measurements17 March to 14 April 2005 20 m tower Radiative surface temperatures IR camera in heated case Incoming and outgoing radiation CNR1 radiometer Kipp & Zonen Turbulent fluxes by eddy covariance 10Hz 3D sonic anemometer CSAT3 H2O/CO2 analyzer Li-Cor 7500 Fine wire thermocouple ASPTC Air temperature and humidity in canyons Radiative temperature of walls

  7. Intensive observation periods • Clear skies and southwest winds • Four 26-hour IOPs (March 17-18, 22-23, 30-31, April 5-6) • Measurements: • Hourly radiative surface temperatures using IR thermometer • Albedo (5 daytime measurements) • Snow depth and density (5 daytime measurements) • Pictures to document snow cover, snow melt, wet fraction

  8. Radiative temperatures and roof snow fraction from IR camera Sidewalk Street Roof 18 March 2005 19 March 2005

  9. Infrared temperatures

  10. Frozen portion of the roof 19356 pixels used by images

  11. Evolution of snow cover 22 March 17 March 30 March 5 April Alley Street

  12. Evolution of snow depth

  13. Evolution of snow density

  14. Radiation measurements

  15. Turbulent fluxes

  16. Next steps • Complete the quality control and post-processing of the data • Format the data into an easy-to-use database • Estimate anthropogenic heat using energy consumption data • Evaluation of TEB • Preparation of the second phase • Rural, suburban and urban sites

  17. The MUSE-2005 team Project management: Michel Jean Jocelyn Mailhot Mario Benjamin Station installation Bruno Harvey Frédéric chagnon IOP manual measurements Stavros Antonopoulos Najat Benbouta Mario Benjamin Frédéric Chagnon Olivier Gagnon Bruno Harvey Aude Lemonsu Gilles Morneau Radenko Pavlovic Weather briefings Jean Morissette Robert Michaud Evaluation of TEB Stéphane Bélair Aude Lemonsu Claude Pelletier

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