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Taxonomy Unit

Taxonomy Unit. General Biology Meyersdale High School Mr. T. Miller. What is Taxonomy?. A: Taxonomy is the study of classification (in this case living things). Aristotle. Developed the first widely used system of taxonomy His system had only two kingdoms (groups), plants and animals.

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Taxonomy Unit

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  1. Taxonomy Unit General Biology Meyersdale High School Mr. T. Miller

  2. What is Taxonomy? A: Taxonomy is the study of classification (in this case living things).

  3. Aristotle • Developed the first widely used system of taxonomy • His system had only two kingdoms (groups), plants and animals. • Eventually, it became clear, that his system needed up-grading.

  4. Carolus Linnaeus • Born Carl von Linne in Sweden • Lived from 1707 to 1778 • He recognized that changes needed to be made to our system of taxonomy. • He made many innovative changes and they are still used today.

  5. Too Few Kingdoms • As time went by, it became clear that not all organism fit neatly in to Aristotle’s two kingdoms. • Linnaeus proposed 5 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera

  6. More Levels • Aristotle simply put organisms into kingdoms and left it at that. • Linnaeus thought that there should be more levels to use so that similarities and differences between organism could be compared. • His system had 7 levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. • Some scientists now add a larger group known as a Domain.

  7. The Language Issue • People wanted a universal name for organisms. • Think mountain lion, or cougar, or… • He also developed a binomial nomenclature (2 part naming system) • The name consists of the genus and species name Ex: Homo sapiens • He used the Latin language and even Latinized his own name (Carolus Linnaeus).

  8. Kingdom Monera • All members are prokaryotic. • Bacteria are the only examples (however there are many species). • All members are also unicellular. • Some are harmful, some are helpful.

  9. Kingdom Protista • All members are eukaryotic. • Protozoans and algae are examples. • Protozoans are unicellular and heterotrophic. • Algae are unicellular (*mostly*) and autotrophic. • Euglena are both.

  10. Kingdom Fungi • All members are eukaryotic. • All members are heterotrophic. • All have a cell wall with chitin. • Some are unicellular, some are multicellular. • Examples are mushrooms, mold, mildew and yeast.

  11. Kingdom Plantae • All members are eukaryotic. • All are autotrophic & have chlorophyll. • All have cell walls with cellulose. • All are multicellular.

  12. Kingdom Animalia • All members are eukaryotic. • All are heterotrophic. • All are multicellular. • All lack a cell wall.

  13. New Ideas • Recently, it was discovered that Monera contains far more diversity than originally thought. • In response, taxonomists developed a new, larger level of taxonomy called the Domain.

  14. Domain Eukaryota • This domain contains all eukaryotic organisms.

  15. Domain Bacteria • This domain contains normal prokaryotic organisms.

  16. Domain Archaea • This domain contains bacteria that live in extreme conditions. • Thermoacidophiles live in very hot, very acidic environments. • Halophiles live in very salty conditions.

  17. Viruses • Viruses do not grow, so therefore, are not considered living. • They are called a biological particle. • They can only infect certain cells. • Ex: the tobacco mosaic virus can not make you sick.

  18. Virus Crossword • Open the attached file and complete for virus vocabulary terms. • Virus Crossword.pdf

  19. Lytic Cycle • This is the life cycle of a virus that infects a cell and causes disease immediately. • Adsorption – the virus attaches to the host cell at the receptor site. • Entry – the virus inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell. • Replication – the virus takes over the host cell and makes the cell make new virus parts.

  20. Lytic Cycle Continued • 4. Assembly – the new virus parts are put together, making new, active viruses • 5. Lysis – the host cell breaks open and the new viruses are released.

  21. The Lysogenic Cycle • The lysogenic cycle is the same as the lytic cycle with one exception. • There is a pause between entry and replication. • This can sometimes last for years, as in HIV. • Many times this happens with retroviruses.

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