The Digestive & Urinary Systems

1. The Digestive & Urinary Systems Warm-up: Write a descriptive paragraph of a time when the food you ate affected the way you felt afterward. Describe how your energy level was affected.

2. What Happens During Digestion? • The foods you eat provide nourishment. • In digestion, foods are broken down into smaller nutrients to be absorbed into the blood and carried to the body’s cells. • The Digestive system functions can be divided into three main processes. • Digestion • The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods within the stomach and intestines for use by the body’s cells. • Absorption • The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular system. • Elimination • The body’s expulsion of undigested food or body wastes. Digestive System

3. Digestion includes two processes. • The mechanical process • Involves chewing, mashing and breaking down food. • The chemical process • Involves secretions produced by digestive organs. How Digestion Works

4. The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines How Digestion works

5. Teeth • Break food into smaller pieces preparing food to be swallowed. • Salivary Glands • Produce digestive juices, saliva containing an enzyme that begins to break down the starches and sugars in food into smaller particles. • Tongue • Prepares food for swallowing it by shaping it. • The uvula prevents food from entering the nasal passages.

6. When food is swallowed it enters the esophagus. • A muscular tube that is about 10 inches long that connects the pharynx with the stomach. • Food is moved through the esophagus, stomach, and intestine through peristalsis. • Peristalsis – a series of involuntary muscle contractions that moves food through the digestive tract.

7. The stomach is a hollow, sac-like organ enclosed in a wall of muscles. • They allow the stomach to expand when you eat. • The stomach has three tasks: • Mixing foods with gastric juices. • Gastric juices are secretions from the stomach lining of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. • Storing partially digested food and liquid. • Moving food into the small intestine. • The food is converted to chyme – a creamy, fluid mixture of food and gastric juices.

8. The small intestine is 20 – 23 ft. in length and 1 inch in diameter. • As chyme enters the small intestine it contains partially digested carbohydrates, proteins and undigested fats. • This mixture is further dissolved by digestive juices secreted from the small intestine, liver and pancreas. • About 90% of all nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine. • The inner wall of the small intestine contains millions of villi. • The villi are lined with capillaries that absorb the nutrients.

9. The undigested parts of the food – fiber – pass into the colon or large intestine. • The large intestine is about 2.5 inches in diameter and 5-6 feet in length. Its function is to absorb water, vitamins, and salts, and to eliminate wastes.

10. In the small intestine the juices of two other organs combine to break down food. • Pancreas • produces enzymes that breakdown the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in foods • Liver • The liver produces bile which aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats. • Gallbladder • Bile is stored here between meals. The Pancreas, Liver and Gallbladder

11. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/digestive-system-videos.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/digestive-system-videos.htm

12. Functional Problems – • Indigestion– Can be caused by eating too much food, eating too quickly, eating spicy or high-fat foods. • Constipation – can be caused by not drinking enough water or not consuming enough fiber to move wastes through the digestive system. • Heartburn – burning sensation in the center of the chest that may rise up to throat. A result of acid reflux, or the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. • Diarrhea – can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, some medications, a change in eating style, overeating, emotional turmoil, or nutritional deficiencies. Digestive System Problems

13. Eat a variety of foods • Drink plenty of water • Each foods rich in fiber • Chew and eat slowly Keeping Digestive System Healthy

14. The urinary system is the body system that removes liquid wastes from the body and maintains the body’s water balance. • The organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. • Kidneys • A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes waste products and excess water in the form of urine. • Urine is a pale yellow liquid composed of water, salts, and other waste products. Urinary System

15. Ureters • A ureter is a narrow tube that connects a kidney to the urinary bladder. • Two ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. • Urinary Bladder • The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine. • During urination, urine is forced out of the bladder into the urethra. • Urethra • The urethra is the narrow tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body, through which urine passes out of the body. Urinary System

16. Urinary System

17. Complete worksheet on the Digestive and Urinary Systems Assignment