Concept Review

1. Concept Review

2. Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment • Both movements changed people’s thoughts about the world: • Ideas in scientific technology and theories broke through the Catholic Church’s authority • People have the power to reason and prove past teachings wrong • People are born with natural rights • Governments should protect people’s rights • Social classes should not be determined at birth

3. Words and ideas associated with the Enlightenment :

4. Revolutions based on the Enlightenment • US Revolution • French Revolution • Latin American Revolutions • European Revolutions during the 1800’s -Called for the fall of Absolute Monarchies • -Encouraged governments based on social contracts-agreement between the people and government. • -Believed in Liberty and the Natural Rights of Man-did not support slavery in Haiti for example • -Focused on the social and political change that worked toward the common good.

5. French Revolution • Causes-debt, poor leadership by the King and Queen, un equal social classes and taxation, economic troubles and famine, the Enlightenment • The French Revolution set many other revolutions in motion. Especially the nationalistic and revolutions for reform in Europe during the 1800’s. • How do you think history would be different if the Estates-General would have allowed all members to vote equally when King Louis called the meeting together in 1789?

6. Industrialization • -First began in Britain due to plentiful natural resources and easy access to the sea • -Agriculture transformed first which allowed more food to be produced, more workers to be free of farming on their own and moving into factories to work and create new technologies. • -Life changed in basic ways from people living on farms to migrating to cities to work and live an urban life. • -Britain’s main industry was textiles where women and children were employed under dangerous and unsanitary working conditions. • -In the long term, Industrialization brought countries an increase in their standardof living due to modern technologies and mass production

7. Industrialization and Economy • Industrialization in Europe led to revolutions because radical urban workers sought socialistic reforms to level the playing field for the poor working class and wealthy upper and middle classes. • Capitalism was an economic system that helped industrialization flourish. Little rules and government intervention. Communist Philosophers like Karl Marx despised it because he believed that capitalism allowed for a few people to prosper and the others would fall into poverty