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Grammar with the

Grammar with the . Subject Verb Agreement. Contractions: Don’t and Doesn’t. Don't is a contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject. They don't like grenades. Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject.

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Grammar with the

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  1. Grammar with the

  2. Subject Verb Agreement

  3. Contractions: Don’t and Doesn’t Don't is a contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject. They don't like grenades. Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject. Pauly D doesn't like grenades.

  4. Compound Subjects When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb. Ronnie’s friends orRonnie party at Karma.

  5. Exceptions: I and You The exception to these rules appears in the case of the first person and second person pronouns I and you. With these pronouns, the contraction don't should be used.

  6. Split Phrases Do not be misled by a phrase that comes between the subject and the verb. The verb agrees with the subject, not with a noun or pronoun in the phrase. The people who listen to dubstepare few.

  7. Singular Verbs The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb. Everybody knows that Snooki got punched in the face.

  8. There is/are In sentences beginning with there is or there are, the subject follows the verb. Since there is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows. There are many questions in Sammi’s head.

  9. Subject Verb Agreement Expressions such as with, together with, including, accompanied by, in addition to, or as well do not change the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is too. Ronnie, accompanied by Sammie, is traveling to Italy.

  10. Irregular Verbs

  11. Types of Verbs Two Types of Verbs • Regular • Punch punched • A douchebag punchedSnooki in the face, and there was much rejoicing. • Irregular • Swim swum • No one has ever swumat the Jersey Shore.

  12. Regular Verbs Three ways to form the past tense and past participle of regular verbs • Add “-ed” • Add an extra consonant and “-ed” • Add “-d”

  13. Regular Verbs, cont’d Examples: Inject injected • Ronnie injected himself with steroids before working out. Drag dragged • Snookidragged J-Woww by her hair extensions.

  14. Regular Verbs, cont’d Example: Fade faded • After The Jersey Shorewas cancelled, the cast members faded into obscurity and rehab.

  15. Past Tense/Past Participles • Change the interior vowel • Keep the same form of the verb • Change the ending • Many add “-en” for past participles • Change the form of the verb completely

  16. Past Tense/Past Participles, cont’d Examples: Begin began begun • Pauly D began to turn orange after his skin had begun to absorb the spray tan. Burst burst burst • J-Wowwburst into tears after the silicon in her chest had burst due to a sudden change in air pressure.

  17. Past Tense/Past Participles, cont’d Examples: Get got gotten • Snooki got plastered after her face had gotten hammered by a tool. Be was/were been • Pauly D wasupset because his hair gel had been stolen.

  18. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

  19. Definitions • Pronoun- word used as a substitute for a noun or, sometimes, another pronoun. • Antecedent - an earlier noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause in the same sentence or, if the reference is unambiguous, in a previous sentence.

  20. Common Misuses Missing Antecedent: • Ex: Ronnie asked J-Woww if thosewere real. Multiple antecedents: • Ex: “Pauly D and Ronnie met for some GTL before continuing to his house to sleep.” Multiple pronouns and antecedents in the same sentence: • Ex: “J-Woww and Snooki were angry at each other, so Ronnie told her to hide in the bathroom when she came in.

  21. Pronouns without Antecedents I You Expletives (Ex: This, it’s) Relative pronoun – What Interrogative pronoun – who, which, and what

  22. Adjective as an antecedent A pronoun normally requires a noun or another pronoun as its antecedent. Therefore adjectives should not be used as the assumed antecedent, with the exception of possessives.

  23. Pronoun Antecedent Agreement Pronouns and antecedents must agree in: • Number • Person • Gender • Case

  24. Number • Collective noun – singular pronoun • Singular noun with two or more adjectives – plural pronoun • Two or more singular nouns or pronouns joined with and – plural pronoun

  25. Person Nouns connected by and, or, or nor use one form of antecedent. First person>Second Person>Third Person Ex: Ronnie said to Pauly D, “You and I need to head out for our GTL.”

  26. Gender Two antecedents connected by and use a plural pronoun. If the pronoun only refers to one antecedent when connected by and use the gender of the noun referred to.

  27. Case Nominative case: pronoun functions as the subject. • I, you, he, she, it, we, they Genitive case: pronoun which expresses ownership • My, mine, your, yours, his, her, its, our, ours, their, theirs Objective case: pronoun functions as an object • Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

  28. Case Examples Ex: The Situation’s abs deserve their own show. (Genitive Case) Ex: Snookiyelled at J-WOWW, “You and I are so not going to fight over him. (Nominative and Objective)

  29. Sentence Fragments

  30. Sentence Fragments A sentence fragment is a group of words that is similar to a sentence but lacks a complete independent clause.

  31. Deciding if it is a fragment Is there both a verb and a subject? Is it a subordinate clause?

  32. Examples of Sentence Fragments Out on the beach. • Lacks a verb Going to the gym. • Lacks a subject Because they were on sale. • Is a subordinate clause

  33. How to fix fragments • Snooki and JWOWW tannedon the beach. • Ronnie is always going to the gym. • Snooki got a great deal on some hot heels, because they were on sale.

  34. Run-on Sentences

  35. Run-On Sentences A run-on sentence is a series of statements that are not punctuated correctly. Comma splices are also a form of run-on sentences.

  36. Examples: I am just a girl I like to party. Snookislept in late today she had too many shots last night. Ronnie wanted to work out today, he went to the gym this afternoon.

  37. How do you know? If parts of your statements contains a subject and a verb, then that is an independent clause and can be separated into its own sentence. I am just a girl I like to party.

  38. Fixing Run-Ons To correct run-on sentences: • Separate the independent clauses • Combine the two statements with a coordinating conjunction

  39. Examples Iamjust a girl. Ilike to party. Iamjust a girl, andIlike to party. Snookislept in today. Shehad too many shots last night. Snookislept in today, becauseshehad too many shots last night.

  40. Comma Splice Correction Ronniewanted to work out today. Hewent to the gym this afternoon. Ronniewanted to work out today, sohewent to the gym this afternoon.

  41. Ways to fix run-on sentences Iam just a girl.Ilike to party. Iam just a girl, andIlike to party. Iam just a girl, soIlike to party. Iam just a girl, butIlike to party. Iam just a girl; Ilike to party.

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