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Chapter One – The First Americans

Chapter One – The First Americans. First Migrations. First people arrive 33,000-10,000 B.C. Americas populated by 9500 B.C. Chapter Two. Rise of the Atlantic World 1492 – Beginning of Columbian Exchange Colonization follows

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Chapter One – The First Americans

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  1. Chapter One – The First Americans

  2. First Migrations • First people arrive 33,000-10,000 B.C. • Americas populated by 9500 B.C.

  3. Chapter Two • Rise of the Atlantic World • 1492 – Beginning of Columbian Exchange • Colonization follows • Disease epidemics – 95% mortality rate, mostly within first 30 years

  4. European SettlementPre-1700

  5. European SettlementPre-1700

  6. First English Colony • Several failed attempts • Roanoke Colony

  7. Jamestown • 1607 • Virginia Company of London • Harsh conditions and laziness almost destroy colony • John Smith arrives, imposes martial law, better relations with Powhatan Indians

  8. Plymouth Colony • 1620 – Mayflower arrives with Separatists (aka-Pilgrims) • Signing of Mayflower Compact by all adult males • William Bradford-governor • Miles Standish – military leader • Aided by Squanto

  9. Chapter 3-The New England Way 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony Q: What were the Puritan beliefs? • Calvinism • Predestination • Public displays • Purify Anglican Church

  10. Social Foundations - Pilgrims

  11. Political Foundations

  12. What was the purpose of Mass. Bay Colony? • “City Upon a Hill” • “A Model of Christian Charity” • Utopian example • Shame church into reform • Orthodoxy • John Winthrop “For we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us….”

  13. Why was Mass. Bay initially so successful? • Settled in vacated Indian land • Little resistance from Indians (epidemics) • Calvinist values = hard work, modest living

  14. Describe Puritan Education. • Promote literacy – read the Bible • Every town had teachers • Harvard – 1636 – trained ministers • New England - first region with educated elite

  15. To what extent was there separation of Church and State for the Puritans? • Church attendance & fees mandatory • State supported church • Town Hall both church and gov’t building • Church free of state control – no theocracy.

  16. What did Roger Williams believe? • Supported complete separation of church and state • Why??? What happened to Roger Williams? • Banished in 1635 • Settled Providence (later Rhode Island)

  17. What did Anne Hutchinson do? • Accused Massachusetts ministers of straying from Calvinism (endorsing good deeds) Who supported Hutchinson? • Merchants (anti-regulation) • Younger generation (less rigid control) • Women (2nd class citizens) • Supporters called Antinomians

  18. What happened to Hutchinson? • Banished, settled in Rhode Island What was the significance of Williams and Hutchison? • First major threats to established authority • Led to creation of RI – tolerant Puritan colony • Restrictions on women

  19. Puritan Politics Who participated in politics? • Male saints – those saved • No property requirements • 55% male suffrage (30% in England) Was New England democratic?

  20. Family Structure • “Little Commonwealth” • Male head of household • Women as homemakers • Children as labor force • Most families worked toward subsistence, not profit

  21. Puritan Women What rights did Puritan women have? • Annulment of unhealthy marriages • Legal protection against violence and neglect What legal disadvantages did women have? • Few property rights

  22. The Half-way Covenant What caused the membership crisis? • Younger generation disliked public displays of faith, thus not considered saints What did the covenant do? Why is it important?

  23. Relations with Native Americans Why so little initial resistance? • Indians weakened by diseases • Compare and Contrast the Pequot War (1637) with King Philip’s War (1675-76)

  24. Relations with Native Americans

  25. Social and Economic Changes in NE What jobs became popular? Why? • Fishing, fur, lumber, ship building, etc. Effect of land acquisition? Why? • Communities spread out, less tightly knit How did market economy change NE? • Profit motive greater than Christian motive

  26. The Salem Witch Trials What were the causes? What were the effects? What is the significance?

  27. Wrap-Up What led to the demise of the “City on a Hill” (the “Puritan Experiment”? For Next Class: Outline Chap 3 (2nd half) I encourage you to use the table to organize the main points as (or after) you outline Chapter 3.

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