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Pengembangan Rencana strategis Dan Implikasi rencana IS/IT

Pengembangan Rencana strategis Dan Implikasi rencana IS/IT. Tinjauan. Peran IS/IT berubah dari dukungan menjadi enabler Konteks strategis sistem informasi Menjelajahi permintaan IS/TI R encana IS/IT dalam konteks Indonesia, di mana kita?. Tujuan.

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Pengembangan Rencana strategis Dan Implikasi rencana IS/IT

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  1. PengembanganRencanastrategisDan Implikasirencana IS/IT

  2. Tinjauan • Peran IS/IT berubah dari dukungan menjadi enabler • Konteks strategis sistem informasi • Menjelajahi permintaan IS/TI • Rencana IS/IT dalam konteks Indonesia, di mana kita?

  3. Tujuan • Memahami bagaimana merumuskan rencana strategis • Memahami bagaimana merumuskan strategi bisnis • Memahami bagaimana merumuskan tujuan bisnis • Memahami implikasi dari rencana strategis untuk IS / IT rencana

  4. Agenda • Perencanaan Strategis • Krangka Strategis • Mengembangkan strategi bisnis • Implementasi strategi bisnis • Implikasi strategi bisnis ke strategi IS/IT • Pandangan strategi berbasis sumber daya

  5. Apa perencanaan strategis ? - Proses untuk menetapkan prioritas pada apa yang anda akancapai di masa depan • Memaksa Anda untuk membuat pilihan tentangapa yang akan Anda lakukandan apa yang Anda tidak akan melakukan • Menarik seluruh organisasi bersama-sama sekitar permainan tunggal rencana eksekusi - Garis besar di mana sumber daya akan dapat teralokasi

  6. Pertanyaan Dasar untuk ditanyakan - Dimana kita sekarang? (Penilaian) - Dimana kita perlu? (Gap/perbedaan) - Bagaimana kita akan menutup kesenjangan (Rencana Strategis) - Bagaimana kita akan memonitor kemajuan kita (Balanced Scorecard)

  7. Rencana Strategis Model A B C D E Bagaimana akan Melakukannya Bagaimana Mlakukannya Dimana kita ingin menjadi Dimana kita Penilaian Dasar Komponen spesifik Evaluasi • Scan lingkungan • Situasi sekarang, sebelum, sesudah • Visi dan Misi • Pengukuran kinerja • Kinerja Manajemen • Latar belakang Informasi • Significant masalah • Nilai / Prinsip membimbing • Target / standar kinerja • Tinjauan kemjuan– Balanced Scorecard • Analisis situasi • Selaras/ sesuai dengan kemampuan • Tujuan utama • Inisiatif dan proyek • Tindakan koreksi • Tanggapan umpan balik– revisi rencana • Rencana tindakan • SWOT – Strength’s, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats • Tujuan spesific • Kesenjangan

  8. Model lain perencanaan strategis Membuat arah strategis Menetapkan Strategi Mencapai Strategi Umpan balik Rencana Strategis dari Opsi terpilih -Tentukan misi dan tujuan- Menilai situasi dan pilihan- Pilih opsi Menerapkan strategi Strategis berpikir dan Peluangpengambilan keputusan

  9. Mudah Memahami • Terapkan pada setiap tingkat organisasi • Perlu analitis dan Spesifik • Bersikaplahjujur ​​tentang kelemahan-kelemahan Anda Penilaian Model : S W O T Penilaian Penilaian Internal: Asetorganisasi, sumber daya, orang, budaya, sistem, kemitraan, pemasok,. . . PenilaianEksternal: Pasar, pesaing, tren sosial, teknologi, lingkungan regulasi, siklus ekonomi. SWOT SWOT Kemungkinan kesalahan Good Points

  10. Mengapa membuat Dasar ? Dasar • Menempatkan segala sesuatu tentang organisasi ke dalam kontekstunggal untuk perbandingan dan perencanaan. - Deskriptif tentang perusahaan serta keseluruhan Lingkungan - Menyertakan informasi tentang hubungan pelanggan, pemasok, mitra. - Format yang lebih disukai adalah Profil Organisasi

  11. Profil OrganisasiLINGKUNGAN OPERASI Dasar • Produk dan Layanan - Pemasok, Pengiriman, Saluran,Kontrak, Pengaturan,. . . • Budaya Organisasi - Hambatan, Kepemimpinan,     Komunikasi, Keterpaduan. . . . • Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja – tingkat skill, keragaman,  kontraktor , penuaan tenaga kerja,. . -  Infrastruktur - Sistem, teknologi, fasilitas, • Peraturan - Produk / Layanan Peraturan, ISO Standar Kualitas, Keselamatan, Lingkungan,. .

  12. Profil OrganisasiHUBUNGAN BISNIS Dasar • Struktur Organisasi - Unit Usaha, Fungsi, Dewan,Lapisan Manajemen,. . • Hubungan Pelanggan - Persyaratan,Kepuasan, Loyalitas, Harapan,. . . • Rantai Nilai - Hubungan antara orang-orang dalam rantai nilai. . . . • Mitra Hubungan - Aliansi, jangka panjang     pemasok, kemitraan pelanggan,. . .

  13. Profil OrganisasiKATAGORI KUNCI KINERJA Dasar Pelanggan Produkdanlayanan KeuanganHuman CapitalOperasionalEksternal (Regulatory Compliance, SosialTanggung jawab,. . . )

  14. Analisis kesenjangan Dasar Tantangan / SWOT Dasar / Profil org Kesenjangan = dasarUntukperencanaanstrategisjangkapanjang

  15. Strategic Plan Action Plans Evaluasi kemajuan KomponenutamaRencanaStrategis Komponen Mission Mengapakitasaatini Vision Apaygkitainginkan Goals Apa yg kita harus capai utk jadi sukses Khususdinyatakandalamhasil terukur Tujuan O1 O2 Rencana Tindakan untukmencapai Tujuan Initiatives AI3 AI2 AI1 Indikatordanindikator keberhailan Tindakan M1 M2 M3 Target T1 T1 T1 Tingkat kinerjaygdiinginkandanjadwal

  16. Pernyataan Misi Komponen - Menangkap esensi dari mengapa organisas ada - Siapa kami, apa yang kita lakukan • Menjelaskan kebutuhan dasar yang dibutuhkan • Mengungkapkan nilai-nilai inti organisasi • Harus singkat dan to the point • Mudah untuk memahami • Jika memungkinkan, cobalah untuk menyampaikan sifat unik dari organisasi anda dan perannya yang membedakan dari orang lain

  17. Contoh – BenardansalahPernyataanmisi Komponen NASA To Explore the Universe and Search for Life and to Inspire the Next Generation of Explorers Melakukan pekerjaan yang baik untuk mengekspresikan nilai-nilai inti organisasi. Juga menyampaikan kualitas yang unik tentang organisasi tersebut. Walt Disney Terlalu samar dan tidak jelas. Butuh informasi lebih jelas tentang apa yang membuat organisasi menjadi khusus. To Make People Happy

  18. Visi • Bagaimana organisasi ingin dianggap di masa depan apa yang tampak seperti keberhasilan • Sebuah ekspresi keadaan akhir yang diinginkan • Tantangan setiap orang untuk meraih sesuatu signifikan - menginspirasi masa depan yang menarik - Memberikan fokus jangka panjang untuk seluruh organisasi

  19. Memandu Prinsip dan Nilai - Setiap organisasi harus dipandu oleh seperangkat nilai- nilai dan keyakinan - Memberikan kerangka dasar untuk membuat keputusan – bagian dari budaya organisasi - Nilai sering berakar pada tema etis, seperti kejujuran, kepercayaan, integritas, rasa hormat, kejujuran,. . . . - Nilai harus berlaku di seluruhorganisasi - Nilai mungkin cocok untuk yang terbaik tertentu manajemen praktek - terbaik dalam hal kualitas,layanan pelanggan yang luar biasa, dll

  20. Examples of Guiding Principles and Values Components We obey the law and do not compromise moral or ethical principles – ever! We expect to be measured by what we do, as well as what we say. We treat everyone with respect and appreciate individual differences. We carefully consider the impact of business decisions on our people and we recognize exceptional contributions. We are strategically entrepreneurial in the pursuit of excellence, encouraging original thought and its application, and willing to take risks based on sound business judgment. We are committed to forging public and private partnerships that combine diverse strengths, skills and resources.

  21. Goals • Menjelaskan akhir kondisi masa depan - hasil yang diinginkan yang mendukung misi dan visi. • Membentuk cara di depan dalam hal ditindaklanjuti. • Paling baik diterapkan di mana ada pilihan jelas tentangmasa depan. • Menempatkan fokus strategis ke dalam organisasi - spesifikkepemilikan tujuan harus diserahkan kepadaseseorang dalam organisasi. • Mungkin tidak bekerja dengan baik di mana hal-hal yang berubah cepat- Tujuan cenderung jangka panjang bagi lingkungan yang memiliki pilihan terbatas tentang masa depan.

  22. Mengembangkan Goals • Jenjang dari atas Rencana Strategis, Misi, Visi, prinsip membimbing. • Lihatlah analisis strategis Anda - SWOT, • Lingkungan Scan, Kinerja masa lalu, Kesenjangan. • Batasi sedikit kritis - seperti 5-8 gol. • Luas partisipasi dalam pengembangan tujuan: • Konsensus dari atas - beli-in di eksekusitingkat. • Harus mendorong tingkat yang lebih tinggi kinerja dan menutup kesenjangan kinerja kritis.

  23. Examples of Goals Components Reorganize the entire organization for better responsiveness to customers We will partner with other businesses, industry leaders, and government agencies in order to better meet the needs of stakeholders across the entire value stream. Manage our resources with fiscal responsibility and efficiency through a single comprehensive process that is aligned to our strategic plan. Improve the quality and accuracy of service support information provided to our internal customers. Establish a means by which our decision making process is market and customer focus. Maintain and enhance the physical conditions of our public facilities.

  24. Objectives Components • Relevant - directly supports the goal • Compels the organization into action • Specific enough so we can quantify and measure the results • Simple and easy to understand • Realistic and attainable • Conveys responsibility and ownership • Acceptable to those who must execute • May need several objectives to meet a goal

  25. Goals vs. Objectives Components

  26. Examples of Objectives Components Develop a customer intelligence database system to capture and analyze patterns in purchasing behavior across our product line. Launch at least three value stream pilot projects to kick-off our transformation to a leaner organization. Centralize the procurement process for improvements in enterprise-wide purchasing power. Consolidate payable processing through a P-Card System over the next two years. Monitor and address employee morale issues through an annual employee satisfaction survey across all business functions.

  27. Down to Specifics Objectives Initiatives Action Plans What are Action Plans? • The Action Plan identifies the specific steps that will be taken to achieve the initiatives and strategic objectives – where the rubber meets the road • Each Initiative has a supporting Action Plan(s) attached to it • Action Plans are geared toward operations, procedures, and processes • They describe who does what, when it will be completed, and how the organization knows when steps are completed • Like Initiatives, Action Plans require the monitoring of progress on Objectives, for which measures are needed

  28. Down to Specifics Criteria for Good Measures Integrity – Complete; useful; inclusive of several types of measure; designed to measure the most important activities of the organization Reliable: Consistent Accurate - Correct Timely – Available when needed: designed to use and report data in a usable timeframe Confidential and Secure: Free from inappropriate release or attack

  29. Down to Specifics Examples of MeasurementsLead Indicators • Average time to initiate customer contact => shorter time should lead to better customer service • Average response time to incident => below average response times should lead to increased effectiveness in dealing with incident • Facilities that meet facility quality A1 rating => should lead to improved operational readiness for meeting customer needs

  30. Down to Specifics Targets • For each measurement, you should have at least one target • Targets should stretch the organization to higher levels of performance • Incremental improvements over current performance can be used to establish your targets • Targets put focus on your strategy • When you reach your targets, you have successfully executed your strategy

  31. Down to Specifics Examples of Targets

  32. Evaluate Continuous Feedbackthrough the Balanced Scorecard • Cascade and align from the top to create a Strategic Management System. • Use the Balanced Scorecard framework to organize and report actionable components. • Use the Scorecard for managing the execution of your strategy. • Scorecard “forces” you to look at different perspectives and take into account cause-effect relationships (lead and lag indicators) • Improves how you communicate your strategy – critical to execution.

  33. Evolution of Strategic Planning Effectiveness of strategic decision making Well defined strategic framework Strategically focused organization Widespread strategic thinking capability Reinforcing management processes Supportive value system and climate Multi-year budgets Gap analysis Static allocation of resources Situation analysis and competitive assessments Evaluation of strategic options Dynamic allocation of resources Annual budgets Functional focus Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Financial Forecast-based Externally Strategic planning planning oriented management (meet budget) (predict the (think (create the future) strategically) future)

  34. Strategic Framework for Strategic Planning External Environments Economic Political Ecological Technological Social Legal Pressure Groups Values Objectives Identify current Identify future Threats and strategies strategies opportunities Evaluate Analyze Evaluate feedback internal strategies resources Monitor Implement Select Strategies Strategies Strategies Customers Suppliers Shareholders Employees Unions Government Public Competitors Customers Suppliers Shareholders Employees Unions Public Media Financial Ins. Stake Holder

  35. Input to Strategic Planning • External environments - sources of important signals to organizations • Pressure groups - demand recognition and rapid management response • Stakeholders - demand fair share of created wealth • Business planning is usually carried out for each strategic business unit • A unit that sells a distinct set of products or services, serve a specific set of customers, and competes with a well-defined set of competitors

  36. Definition of Business Strategy • Definition of business strategy: • An integrated set of actions aimed at increasing the long-term well-being and strength of the organization relative to its competitors

  37. Technique to Develop Business Strategy: Competitive Forces in Industry (Porter, 1980) Threat of new entrants Rivalry among existing competitors Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of buyers Threat of substitute product

  38. Factors Affecting The Impact of Competitive Forces • New entrants • Capital requirements • Patents and specialists skill required • Distribution channels available • Achieved/required economies of scale and resultant cost advantages • Number and size of existing rivals and intensity of competition • Differentiation and brand establishment/loyalty • Access to raw materials/critical resources etc. Business strategy: “how to discourage new entrants to come into the business”

  39. Strategic Choices: Factors Affecting The Impact of Competitive Forces • Substitute products/services • Customer awareness of needs and means of satisfaction • Customer sensitivity to value for money and ability to compare • Existing loyalty of customer—impact of “industry” promotion • Ability to differentiate products etc. Business strategy: “how to create a loyal customers?”

  40. Strategic Choices: Factors Affecting The Impact of Competitive Forces • Competitive rivalry will be intensified by: • Market growth slow (or in decline) • Small number of similar sized competitors dominate • High fixed costs and/or high exit barriers for all rivals • Overcapacity and/or capacity increments are large units • Commodity-like, undifferentiated products. Business strategy: “how to differentiate your products?”

  41. Strategic Choices: Factors Affecting The Impact of Competitive Forces • Buyers’ power will be increased by: • Concentrated/few buyers making high volume and/or high value of purchases • Low switching costs across suppliers • Price sensitive and many alternative sources of supply • Weak brand identities, products not differentiated • Buyers capable of backward integration due to low entry cost. Business strategy: “how to make the buyers depend on your business”

  42. Strategic Choices: Factors Affecting The Impact of Competitive Forces • Suppliers’ power will be increased by: • Few suppliers—high switching costs for rivals and suppliers deal with many small customers • Potential substitute supplier/resources not easily available • Supplied goods make up large part of firm’s costs • Suppliers capable of forward integration or bypass to customers Business strategy: “how to make the suppliers depend on your business”

  43. Generic Competitive Strategy Low Cost Competitive Advantage Differen- tiation

  44. Characteristics of Generic Strategies

  45. Exercise Your Thought • Explain the development processes of strategic planning? • What are the components of strategic planning? • How to develop business strategy? • How external forces influence business strategy and IS/IT strategies? • Business strategy imply IS/IT strategy?

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