1 / 7

Nigeria

Nigeria. Genesis. And the wife of the colonial governor said, “Let’s name it after the Niger River” and it was good. Most populous African nation; top ten in world; member OPEC (1971) 250-400 ethnic groups Main 3: Hausa (N), Yoruba (W), Igbo (E)

saniya
Download Presentation

Nigeria

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nigeria

  2. Genesis • And the wife of the colonial governor said, “Let’s name it after the Niger River” and it was good.

  3. Most populous African nation; top ten in world; member OPEC (1971) • 250-400 ethnic groups • Main 3: Hausa (N), Yoruba (W), Igbo (E) • Religious cleavage: North=Islamist, South=Christian • Sokoto jihad (1804-1808)Caliphate • 1860: More slaves than any nation except US • Slavery widespread reinforced ethnic divisions + associated w/spread Islam + Christianity (think Things Fall Apart) • Short colonial period (about 60 years) • Unleashed profound social changes: abolition, urbanization reassessment ethnic identity; however economic changes (ag. export economy + infrastructure) collapsed (replaced by oil) • Study of Pacific Islands: longer colonized higher current standard of living, esp. if colonized by US, Dutch, Britain • Each additional century of European colonization40 percent boost in income today + reduce infant mortality of 2.6 deaths/1,000 births

  4. Colonial Era • Royal Niger Company replaced in 1899 by direct control (protect missionaries, keep out other Europeans) • Gov. Frederick Lugard (former Gov. HK): Indirect rule (through tribal leaders) 3 distinct political areas (N, W, E) • N: local conditions largely left alone (Islam missionaries barred; Hausa official language) • S: Westernization and Christianity; English official language

  5. 1922 Clifford Constitution • Gov. Hugh Clifford (1919-25): White Man’s Burden + “general emancipation)—use Westernized South (ed. system) to undermine Islamic N (encourage immigration) • Colonial office: "direct government by impartial and honest men of alien race . . . never yet satisfied a nation long and . . . under such a form of government, as wealth and education increase, so do political discontent and sedition." •  N untouched; S: new legislative council common to both E+W, direct elections (4 of 46) political parties + nationalism

  6. Nationalism and Independence • Influenced by Americans (DuBois, Garvey); focused on ethnicity • Formed political parties (esp. National Council of Nigerian Citizens, NCNC; Northern People’s Congress; Action Group (Yoruba); labor unions) 1946: Richards Constitution expands elections of legis. 1950 Macpherson Const.: formalized regional autonomy and federal union regionalism + ethnic cleavages intensify • Oct 1, 1960: Independence granted • Increasing ethnic + regional tension crisis + election fraud military coup (1966) Civil War (Biafra 67-70) • Olusegun Obasanjo: return to civilian gov’t through US based 1979 Constitution • 1983: lack of confidence in gov’t and pretext of election fraud military coup • 1999: return of democracy w/election Olusegun Obasanjo

  7. Major Parties • People's Democratic Party (PDP): dominant, neoliberal/centrist (:PAN) • All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP): conservative, North (:PRI) • Action Congress: 3rd, Lagos, progressive (:PRD)

More Related