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6 Kingdoms

6 Kingdoms . Objective 4.01: Similarities & differences among the kingdoms. VOCAB ALERT Eukaryotic – cell with a defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotic – cell without a defined nucleus and lacks membrane bound organelles. 3. Unicellular – organisms made of 1 cell only

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6 Kingdoms

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  1. 6 Kingdoms Objective 4.01: Similarities & differences among the kingdoms

  2. VOCAB ALERT Eukaryotic – cell with a defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotic – cell without a defined nucleus and lacks membrane bound organelles. 3. Unicellular – organisms made of 1 cell only Multicellular – organisms made up of many cells. 5. Autotroph – carries out photosynthesis; makes its own food.

  3. 6. Heterotroph – does NOT carry out photosynthesis; must eat food. Cell Wall – Rigid structure located outside the cell membrane that provides protection and support Asexual Reproduction - parent cell divides into two identical cells; does not involve gametes; only one parent!!

  4. 9. Sexual Reproduction – involves 2 parents and produces an offspring that is not identical to either parent; involves gametes. 10. Cilia – hair-like extensions that help movement 11. Flagella – Tail-like extension that aids in movement.

  5. Characteristics of Prokaryotic Organisms • Unicellular • No defined nucleus. They do have a “nucleoid region” where the DNA is located. • DNA is organized as a single, circular chromosome. • No membrane bound organelles. • Do have ribosomes • Tend to be smaller than eukaryotic organisms.

  6. Characteristics of Eukaryotic Organisms • Multicellular • Defined nucleus • DNA is organized into multiple, linear chromosomes. • Contain membrane bound organelles • Do have ribosomes • Tend to be larger than prokaryotic cells.

  7. 1. Archaebacteria • “Ancient” bacteria • Prokaryotic Cell (Very Simple!) • Unicellular • Both autotrophs & heterotrophs • Has a Cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan • Reproduce asexually • Some are motile (can move) • Live in extreme environments (Hot, Salty, Acidic) • Volcanic hot springs, Salt marshes

  8. 2. Eubacteria Kingdom • “Recent” bacteria • Prokaryotic Cell • Unicellular • Both autotrophic & heterotrophic • Reproduce asexually • Some are motile • Cell wall has peptidoglycan (thick!) • Found nearly everywhere

  9. 3. Protista Kingdom • Organisms that cannot be classified as an Animal, Plant, or Fungi. • Least satisfying of the classifications because members display the greatest variety. • 3 Classifications • Animal-like Protists: Amoeba, Paramecium • Plant-like Protists: Unicellular & Multicellular; Algae • Fungi-like Protists: Slime molds & Water molds

  10. 3. Protista Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Most are unicellular, some are multicellular • Autotrophs & heterotrophs • Reproduce sexually & asexually • Some are motile • Some have a cell wall (plant-like)

  11. 4. Fungi Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Most are multicellular (mushrooms), although some are unicellular (yeast) • Heterotrophic: Absorb their food from environment. • Feed on dead/decaying organic matter • Secrete digestive enzymes into their food source. Absorb the food molecules through their body. • Have a cell wall (chitin) • Reproduce sexually & asexually • Non-motile

  12. 5. Plant Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Photosynthetic • Autotrophs • Have a cell wall (cellulose) • Reproduce sexually & asexually • Non-motile • Includes: Cone-bearing and flowering plants, mosses, & ferns.

  13. 6. Animal Kingdom • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • Heterotrophs • Reproduce sexually • No cell walls • Motile, except sponges. • Very diverse

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