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Sustainable Development Alternative and Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable Development Alternative and Sustainable Tourism. Learning Objectives. Recognize the differences between mass and alternative tourism Provide examples of alternative tourism Define sustainable development Identify main components of SD Define sustainable tourism (ST)

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Sustainable Development Alternative and Sustainable Tourism

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  1. Sustainable DevelopmentAlternative and Sustainable Tourism

  2. Learning Objectives • Recognize the differences between mass and alternative tourism • Provide examples of alternative tourism • Define sustainable development • Identify main components of SD • Define sustainable tourism (ST) • Identify main components of ST

  3. Mass Tourism • International phenomenon in 1960s • Characteristics: • Rapid development • Socially/environmentally inconsiderable • Unplanned/uncontrolled growth/development • Short-term visit • Large groups • Packages/fixed trips • Organized mass/individual tourists

  4. Tourism Impacts • Economic • Positive – foreign exchange, GDP, jobs, taxes • Negative – leakage, types of jobs, real estate speculations • Environmental • Positive – conservation and preservation • Negative – pollution, physical/visual damage, resource extraction • Socio-cultural • Positive – culture preservation, revitalization • Negative – erosion of local values, commoditization

  5. Alternative Tourism International phenomenon after 1980s Characteristics: Slow development Socially/environmentally responsible Planned/controlled growth/development Long-term visit Small groups Independently arranged trips Drifters, explorers

  6. Alternative Tourism Adventure tourism Nature tourism Wildlife tourism Agritourism Cultural tourism Volunteer tourism Ecotourism

  7. Sustainable Development • 1972 – The first World Summit on Human Environment • 1984 – The Brundtland Commission • “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs” • 1992 –The World Summit on Environment and Development (Rio De Janeiro) • 2002 - The World Summit on Environment and Development (Johannesburg)

  8. Sustainability components • Economic sustainability • Socio-cultural sustainability • Environmental sustainability

  9. Sustainable Tourism • Based on sustainable development principles • 1996 - Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry • “Tourism that meets the needs of the present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future” (UNWTO, 2009) • “Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities ”(UNWTO, 2013)

  10. Sustainable Tourism • Conservation & preservation • Planning & design to enhance local landscape • Control of tourism in local hands • Supplement people’s income • Community as a whole benefits • Investments supporting local economy

  11. Sustainability Issues • Effects on tourism communities • Sustaining tourism satisfaction • Economic benefits of tourism • Management • Energy • Water • Waste • Development/use intensity control

  12. You should be able to: • Recognize the differences between mass and alternative tourism • Provide examples of alternative tourism • Define sustainable development • Identify main components of SD • Define sustainable tourism (ST) • Identify main components of ST

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