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PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING SYSTEM (PRMS)

PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING SYSTEM (PRMS). MODELING OVERVIEW & DAILY MODE COMPONENTS. PRMS Features. Modular Design Deterministic Distributed Parameter Daily and Storm Mode Variable Time Step User Modifiable Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis. PRMS Manual Options. PRMS.

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PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING SYSTEM (PRMS)

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  1. PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING SYSTEM(PRMS) MODELING OVERVIEW & DAILY MODE COMPONENTS

  2. PRMS Features • Modular Design • Deterministic • Distributed Parameter • Daily and Storm Mode • Variable Time Step • User Modifiable • Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis

  3. PRMS Manual Options

  4. PRMS

  5. PRMS Variations PRMS_WET PRMS_ISO PRMS_Yakima PRMS_Jena PRMS-MODFLOW

  6. HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE UNITS (HRUs)

  7. Distributed Parameter Approach Hydrologic Response Units - HRUs HRU Delineation Based on: - Slope - Aspect - Elevation - Vegetation - Soil - Precip Distribution

  8. HRUs

  9. HRU DELINEATION AND CHARACTERIZATION Grid Cell Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) Polygon Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs)

  10. Dill Basin, Germany Topography 750 km2 Sub-basins Land Use

  11. PRMS -- HRU Delineation Pixelated Topographic

  12. Grid Complexity

  13. 3rd HRU DIMENSION

  14. Relation of HRUs and Subsurface and GW Reservoirs Surface ( 6 hrus ) Subsurface ( 2 reservoirs ) Ground water (1 reservoir)

  15. HRU resolution PRMS SSR resolution GWR resolution

  16. PRMS

  17. MODEL DRIVING VARIABLES - TEMPERATURE - max and min daily - lapse rate varied monthly or daily - PRECIPITATION - spatial and elevation adjustment - form estimation

  18. MODEL DRIVING VARIABLES - SOLAR RADIATION - measured data extrapolated to slope-aspect of each HRU - when no measured data, then estimated using temperature, precip, and potential solar radiation - max daily temperature procedure - daily temperature range procedure

  19. Max Temperature-Elevation Relations

  20. Precipitation-Elevation Relations

  21. Precipitation Gage Catch Error vs Wind Speed (Larsen and Peck, 1972) Rain (shield makes little difference) Snow (shielded) Snow (unshielded)

  22. PRECIPITATION For each HRU - DEPTH hru_precip(hru) = precip(hru_psta) * mo_corr_precip(mo) mo_corr_snow(mo) = Snow_correction mo_corr_rain(mo) = Rain_correction

  23. PRECIPITATION For each HRU - FORM (rain, snow, mixture of both) RAIN tmin(hru) > tmax_allsnow tmax(hru) > tmax_allrain(mo) SNOW tmax(hru) <= tmax_allsnow

  24. [ ] tmax(hru) - tmax_allsnow prmx = * adjmix_rain(mo) (tmax(hru) - tmin(hru) PRECIPITATION For each HRU - FORM (rain, snow, mixture of both) MIXTURE OTHER Precipitation Form Variable Snowpack Adjustment

  25. Precip and Temp Distribution Methods • Manual • Auto Elevation Lapse Rate • XYZ • Inverse Distance … PRMS_USGS PRMS_NWCC • Detrended Kriging

  26. SOLAR RADIATION For each HRU daily_potsw(hru) = ( drad(hru) / horad ) * ------------------orad /cos_slp(hru) - drad and horad computed daily for each HRU and a horizontal surface - Missing data computed by obs_tmax - SolarRad relation [obs_tmax - obs_tmin] --> sky cover --> SolarRad relation

  27. DRIVING VARIABLE INPUT SOURCES • Point measurement data • Radar data • Satellite data • Atmospheric model data

  28. PRMS

  29. INTERCEPTION Net precipitation net_precip = [ hru_precip * (1. - covden)] + (PTF * covden) Throughfall PTF = hru_precip - (max_stor - intcp_stor)----- if [hru_precip > (max_stor - intcp_stor)] PTF = 0.if [hru_precip <= (max_stor - intcp_stor)] Losses from intcp_stor Rain - Free water surface evaporation rate Snow - % of potet rate for sublimation

  30. PRMS

  31. Transpiration vs Soil Moisture Content and Weather Conditions

  32. Potential Evapotranspiration (potet) - Pan Evaporation potet(hru) = epan_coef(mo) * pan_evap - Hamon potet(hru) = hamon_coef(mo) * dyl2 * vdsat - Jensen - Haise potet(hru) = jh_coef(mo) * --------------- (tavf(hru) - jh_coef_hru) * rin

  33. Computed ET (AET) as function of PET and Soil Texture PRMS to PRMS/MMS SMAV = soil_moist SMAX = soil_moist_max RECHR = soil_rechr REMX = soil_rechr_max

  34. Actual Evapotranspiration (actet) - f ( antecedent conditions, soil type) - Taken first from Recharge Zone & then Lower Zone - actet period ( months transp_beg to transp_end) transp_beg - start actet on HRU when S tmax_sum(hru) > transp_tmax(hru) transp_end - end actet

  35. Point Evapotranspiration Comparison Aspen Park, CO Eddy correlation Jensen-Haise ET, inches

  36. Basin Evapotranspiration Comparison Jensen-Haise RegCM2 Animas River Basin, Colarado WORKSHOP ON REGIONAL CLIMATE PREDICTION AND DOWNSCALING TECHNIQUES FOR SOUTH AMERICA

  37. GW - ET Relations Mirror Lake, NH

  38. PRMS

  39. Distribution, Flow, and Interaction of Water

  40. SOIL ZONE(Original Version) sroff Recharge Zone (soil_rechr_max) soil_moist_max (rooting depth) Lower Zone excs (soil_moist > soil zone field capacity) excs - soil_to_gw soil_to_gw to subsurface reservoir to ground-water reservoir

  41. Original and Revised Soil Zone

  42. Original PRMS Conceptualization SRO

  43. Revised PRMS Conceptualization

  44. Soil Zone Structure and Flow Computation Sequence

  45. Flow Into and Out of Soil Zone

  46. HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE UNITS (HRUs)

  47. Cascading Flow

  48. HRUs AS FLOW PLANES & CHANNELS (Storm Mode)

  49. Infiltration - DAILY MODE infil(hru) = net_precip(hru) - sroff(hru) - STORM MODE Point Infil (fr) fr = dI/dt = ksat * [1. + (ps / S fr)] Areal Infil (fin) qrp = ( .5 * net_precip2 / fr ) net_precip < fr qrp = net_precip - (.5 * fr) Otherwise fin = net_precip - qrp

  50. PRMS

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