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PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. ~ UNIT 4 ~. What is Physical/Biological Anthropology?. Study of the _______________aspects of humans and _____________ humans . Non-cultural – all ____________ characteristics that are genetically ________

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PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

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  1. PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY ~ UNIT 4 ~

  2. What is Physical/Biological Anthropology? • Study of the _______________aspects of humans and _____________ humans. • Non-cultural – all ____________ characteristics that are genetically ________ • Near-human - includes __________, apes, other ___________, & our ____________ancestors

  3. The Three Categories? 1. Human Biology – human__________, genetic inheritance patterns, non-cultural _______________ to environment, and other biological characteristics of our species, _________

  4. 2. Primatology -______________ primate studies.  Usually done in a _____________ setting among ________ apes, monkeys, and related animals.  Interested in learning about the ____________ and behavior _______ of primates--our ____________ living relatives. 

  5. 3. Paleoanthropology - Recover the _______ record of _________ humans and their _________ ancestors in order to understand the path of our _______________.  Often work with geologists, ________________, and scientists with other specialties who help them reconstruct _______________ environments. searching for fossils and artifacts of our distant human ancestors in a  French cave

  6. CHAPTER 11 HUMAN BIOLOGY

  7. Pre-Darwin Theories • Creationism - special and _____________ creation by _________ of every species and that ________________do not ______________through ___________from generation to generation. • The "Great Chain of Being" - _______ created an ____________ and _____________ series of life forms, each one grading into the next, from simplest to most ___________, and that all ___________, including humans, were created in their _________ form and that they have remained ______________ since then. 

  8. 3. Catastrophism– there was a ___________ & sudden _________ catastrophes (great floods and rapid formation of mountains).  ___________ & animals living in those parts of the world were often ______________.  Then _____________ forms moved in from other areas.  Result - ___________show a ___________changes in ____________. 4. Uniformitarianism - ___________ forces changing the ___________of the earth's _________ have been operating in the past much the same way.  “The _____________ is the key to understanding the __________. ” – Had a great affect on _______ ________________in the 1830’s.

  9. Charles Darwin • He didn’t invent the idea of ________________, but carried out the ______________ to prove that it has occurred • In the ___________________ he made the observations that eventually led him to ________ what causes _________ and animals to ___________ • The _________________________ by Means of Natural Selection, orThe ________________________________________ in the Struggle for Life • 1st edition published in ____________

  10. Galápagos Islands • __________ voyage on H.M.S. __________ • ______________ are slightly ___________ from one _____________ to another • have _______________ found in ______________ part of the world. Similar ones exist on the ______________coast of _______________________________

  11. Natural Selection • Nature selected the best ______________ to survive and to ___________________ • He believed the ________________ already existed and that _____________ just selected for the most suitable __________ shape and against __________ useful ones • Darwin described this process as the “______________________________"

  12. Evolution • Evidence has come from four sources: 1. The ___________ record of change in earlier species 2. The _________________ and _______________ similarities of related life forms 3. The _______________ distribution of related species 4.  The recorded ____________________ in living organisms over many generations

  13. Fossils • _____________ of animals and plants found in _________ rock deposits • Provides evidence that the ______________animals and plants of today were ____________ by earlier _____________ ones.

  14. Fossil Hominids: Lucy • 1974 Discovered in _________ • _________ million years old • Adult _________ • about __________years old • Her arms are __________ than humans today, but __________ than a _______________ • She is between the two species on the _________________

  15. 'Ardi,' Oldest Human Ancestor? • _______ million years old • Found in _________ • ______________ • It's not a _________ • It's not a ____________ • Could ___________& ____________________ • last ________________of chimpanzees and humans.

  16. _________________________fossil - earliest bird in fossil record. Thought to be ___________ million years old. • Found 1891 in _______________________. More than 10 have been found. Has many features of a dinosaurs & birds such as scales on head, feathers, wings, a tail, etc.

  17. Chemical and Anatomical Similarities • All plants and animals receive specific characteristics from their ______________ by inheriting particular combinations of ___________________. • ______________ is the same for all _____________ • Species share the same types of ___________ because they ______________them from a common _________________ that had them.  • All living things either share a ________________ or they came into existence as a result of ____________ ______________________

  18. Geographic Distribution • isolated ______________ and _________ groups often ____________ their own distinct plant and animal ____________________ • ______________ in these areas have been evolving in _____________ from the rest of the world for _________________ of years.

  19. Genetic Changes • _____________________ - new ________________ of plants and animals (ex. ________________) • individuals lacking the _______________ characteristics are ______________ to _____________.  Therefore, the following generations have the _____________ traits.

  20. Classification of Living Things • Today we use the system invented by the ______ naturalist ______________________ • published in his ___________________, in _____ • defined ____________ and introduced the system where each species receives a _______ and species _____________ • grouped the organisms according to __________

  21. Extinction • __________________ of species • occurs at the _____________ of the last ________________ of that species. • The ____________________ extinction event was the Earth’s most severe extinction event, rendering extinct ____________ of all ________ species and _________ of _______________________________species.

  22. Thylacine yawning

  23. Quagga at London's Regent's Park Zoo, 1870 - last specimen in captivity died in 1883 at ArtisMagistra Zoo in Amsterdam.

  24. Thylacinus in Washington D.C. National Zoo, c. 1906 - It was 1936 when the last Thylacine took its final breath in Hobart Zoo, Tasmania

  25. Tasmanian Tiger (Thylacine) photographed in a cage with a chicken 1936 - this marsupial carnivore

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