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Classical Management Theories

Classical Management Theories. There are 3 distinct theories from the past as to how managers should manage employees:. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor). Owned a steel business Noticed soldiering Why did this happen? Job security No incentives Using poor practices

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Classical Management Theories

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  1. Classical Management Theories • There are 3 distinct theories from the past as to how managers should manage employees:

  2. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) • Owned a steel business • Noticed soldiering • Why did this happen? • Job security • No incentives • Using poor practices • Begins experiments to determine how to beat soldiering

  3. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) • Experiments: • Pig Iron • Shoveling

  4. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) 1911, The Principles of Scientific Management • 4 principles on how to manage employees • Develop rules of motion • Carefully select workers with the right abilities • Train workers and provide proper incentives • Support workers. Plan their work and removing obstacles.

  5. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) • Frank and Lillian Gilbreth • Continue motion study experiments started by Taylor • Minimize number of motions used to do a job, maximize productivity • Result: triple productivity!

  6. Frank Gilbreth's well-known work in improving brick-laying in the construction trade is a good example of his approach. From his start in the building industry, he observed that workers developed their own peculiar ways of working and that no two used the same method. In studying bricklayers, he noted that individuals did not always use the same motions in the course of their work. These observations led him to seek one best way to perform tasks.

  7. He developed many improvements in brick-laying. A scaffold he invented permitted quick adjustment of the working platform so that the worker would be at the most convenient level at all times. He equipped the scaffold with a shelf for the bricks and mortar, saving the effort formerly required by the workman to bend down and pick up each brick.

  8. He had the bricks stacked on wooden frames, by low-priced laborers, with the best side and end of each brick always in the same position, so that the bricklayer no longer had to turn the brick around and over to look for the best side to face outward. The bricks and mortar were so placed on the scaffold that the brick-layer could pick up a brick with one hand and mortar with the other. As a result of these and other improvements, he reduced the number of motions made in laying a brick from 18 to 4 1/2.

  9. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor) • Pros? • Maximized productivity • Maximized profits for employer and employee • Cons? • Monotonous work • Bored employees

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