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Naming Molecular and Acidic Compounds: Properties, Rules, and Practice

Learn how to name molecular compounds using prefixes, and how to name acids based on their anions. Practice with examples to reinforce your understanding.

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Naming Molecular and Acidic Compounds: Properties, Rules, and Practice

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  1. Chapter 6 Naming and Formula Writing of Molecular and Acidic Compounds

  2. Properties of Molecular Compounds • Made of two (or more) non-metals • Weaker bonds • Low melting points • Liquids and gases • Colorless

  3. 1 = mon 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetr 5 = pent 6 = hex 7 = hept 8 = oct 9 = non 10 = dec Naming Molecular CompoundsMust know a set of prefixes (1-10)

  4. Also need to know a few rules • The prefix mon- is never used on the first element (even if there is only one of that element) • The seconds elements ending is always changed to –ide. • Sometimes you’ll need to add an “a” (or an “o” to mon-)to the end of a prefix make the name sound right. • Ex: monsulfide or monosulfide • Ex: tetrsulfide or tetrasulfide

  5. Practice • S2H4 • CO2 • P7I9 • XeF4 disulfur tetrahydride carbon dioxide heptaphosphorus noniodide xenon tetrafluoride Yes, the names sound awful. But just do the best that you can.

  6. Molecular Formulas • Just do what the prefixes tell you. • No charges…No dropping and crossing! • Practice • oxygen dichloride • octaselenium heptabromide • sulfur trioxide OCl2 Se8Br7 SO3 Hint: This is not sulfite because it does not have a charge. Sulfite = SO32-

  7. How to recognize an acid. • An acid formula will start with hydrogen. • So all compounds that start with hydrogen are acids (not really, but for the purposes of what we are doing here, yes!)

  8. Naming – pretend they are ionic for a little bit. • H2S • H2SO3 • H2SO4 Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfite Hydrogen sulfate Notice they each have a different ending!

  9. Naming rules • If the anion ends in –ide. Then you change the name to hydro + root+ ic and then the word acid. • If the anion ends in –ite. Then you change the name to root+ous and then the word acid. • If the anion ends in –ate. Then you change the name to root+ic and then the word acid. Back to the previous slide

  10. Naming – stop pretending they are ionic • H2S • H2SO3 • H2SO4 Hydrogen sulfide = hydrosulfuric acid Hydrogen sulfite = sulfurous acid Hydrogen sulfate = sulfuric acid

  11. More Practice • H3PO4 • HF • HNO2 Ends in –ate so = phosphoric acid Ends in –ide so = hydrofluoric acid Ends in –ite so = nitrous acid

  12. Acid Formula Writing • Acids are ionic! • Follow the rules for ionic formulas. • The sum of the charges have to equal zero. • Determine anion’s ending by working backwards from naming chart.

  13. Practice • Oxalic acid • Ends in -ic = originally ended in -ate • Oxalate = C2O42- • H+ and C2O42- = H2C2O4 • Hydrochloric acid • Starts with hydro- ends with –ic = originally ended in –ide. • Chloride = Cl- • H+ and Cl- = HCl • Chlorous acid • Ends in –ous = originally ended in –ite • Chlorite = ClO2- • H+ and ClO2- = HClO2

  14. Molecular compounds and Acid Naming Answers

  15. Sulfuric acid Nitrous acid Hydrofluoric acid Acetic acid Permanganic acid Chlorous acid Carbonic acid Phosphoric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrochloric acid Chromic acid Names

  16. H2CrO4 HI HClO2 HClO4 H2S HNO3 H2Se H3PO4 HC2H3O2 HClO HCN HBrO3 H3P Formulas

  17. Dinitrogen monoxide Phosphorus trichloride Aluminum chloride (you missed this because it is IONIC!) Sulfur hexafluoride Carbon tetrabromide Dichlorine heptoxide Dinitrogen pentoxide Boron pentachloride Chromium (III) chloride (you missed this one too because it is IONIC!) Diiodine dichloride Oxygen difluoride Dichlorine octoxide Names

  18. CS2 N2Cl4 SeO P2O3 I4O9 SO3 No question 24? N2O4 PCl5 NF3 S2Cl3 P4O10 N2H4 Formulas

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